State of Political Freedom: Difference between revisions
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== References == | == References == | ||
=== 2016 === | === 2016 === | ||
* (Wikipedia, 2016) | * (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/political_freedom Retrieved:2016-10-20. | ||
** '''Political freedom''' (also known as a political autonomy or political agency) is a central [[concept]] in history and political thought and one of the most important features of [[democracy|democratic]] societies.<ref name=":0">Hannah Arendt, "What is Freedom?", ''Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought'', (New York: Penguin, 1993). </ref> It was described as freedom from oppression <ref> Iris Marion Young, "Five Faces of Oppression", ''Justice and the Politics of Difference" (Princeton University press, 1990), 39-65. </ref> or coercion, <ref> Michael Sandel, ''Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?'' (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010). </ref> the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, <ref> Amartya Sen, ''Development as Freedom'' (Anchor Books, 2000). </ref> or the absence of life conditions of compulsion, e.g. economic compulsion, in a society. <ref> [[Karl Marx]], "Alienated Labour" in ''Early Writings''. </ref> Although political freedom is often interpreted [[negative liberty|negatively]] as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, <ref> [[Isaiah Berlin]], ''Liberty'' (Oxford 2004). </ref> it can also refer to the [[positive liberty|positive]] exercise of rights, [[Capability approach|capacities]] and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights. <ref> [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Charles Taylor]], "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty?", ''Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers'' (Cambridge, 1985), 211-29. </ref> The concept can also include freedom from "internal" constraints on political action or speech (e.g. social [[conformity]], consistency, or "inauthentic" behaviour). <ref> Ralph Waldo Emerson, "[http://www.emersoncentral.com/selfreliance.htm Self-Reliance]"; Nikolas Kompridis, "Struggling Over the Meaning of Recognition: A Matter of Identity, Justice or Freedom?" in ''European Journal of Political Theory'' July 2007 vol. 6 no. 3 277-289. </ref> The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of [[civil liberties]] and [[human rights]], which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the [[State (polity)|state]]. | ** '''Political freedom''' (also known as a political autonomy or political agency) is a central [[concept]] in history and political thought and one of the most important features of [[democracy|democratic]] societies.<ref name=":0">Hannah Arendt, "What is Freedom?", ''Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought'', (New York: Penguin, 1993). </ref> It was described as freedom from oppression <ref> Iris Marion Young, "Five Faces of Oppression", ''Justice and the Politics of Difference" (Princeton University press, 1990), 39-65. </ref> or coercion, <ref> Michael Sandel, ''Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?'' (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010). </ref> the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, <ref> Amartya Sen, ''Development as Freedom'' (Anchor Books, 2000). </ref> or the absence of life conditions of compulsion, e.g. economic compulsion, in a society. <ref> [[Karl Marx]], "Alienated Labour" in ''Early Writings''. </ref> Although political freedom is often interpreted [[negative liberty|negatively]] as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, <ref> [[Isaiah Berlin]], ''Liberty'' (Oxford 2004). </ref> it can also refer to the [[positive liberty|positive]] exercise of rights, [[Capability approach|capacities]] and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights. <ref> [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Charles Taylor]], "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty?", ''Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers'' (Cambridge, 1985), 211-29. </ref> The concept can also include freedom from "internal" constraints on political action or speech (e.g. social [[conformity]], consistency, or "inauthentic" behaviour). <ref> Ralph Waldo Emerson, "[http://www.emersoncentral.com/selfreliance.htm Self-Reliance]"; Nikolas Kompridis, "Struggling Over the Meaning of Recognition: A Matter of Identity, Justice or Freedom?" in ''European Journal of Political Theory'' July 2007 vol. 6 no. 3 277-289. </ref> The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of [[civil liberties]] and [[human rights]], which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the [[State (polity)|state]]. | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 11:53, 9 September 2019
A State of Political Freedom is a political state where
- See: Civil Liberty, Conformity, State (Polity), Democracy, Negative Liberty, Positive Liberty, Capability Approach, Civil Liberties, Human Rights.
References
2016
- (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/political_freedom Retrieved:2016-10-20.
- Political freedom (also known as a political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.[1] It was described as freedom from oppression [2] or coercion, [3] the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, [4] or the absence of life conditions of compulsion, e.g. economic compulsion, in a society. [5] Although political freedom is often interpreted negatively as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, [6] it can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights. [7] The concept can also include freedom from "internal" constraints on political action or speech (e.g. social conformity, consistency, or "inauthentic" behaviour). [8] The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state.
- ↑ Hannah Arendt, "What is Freedom?", Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought, (New York: Penguin, 1993).
- ↑ Iris Marion Young, "Five Faces of Oppression", Justice and the Politics of Difference" (Princeton University press, 1990), 39-65.
- ↑ Michael Sandel, Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010).
- ↑ Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (Anchor Books, 2000).
- ↑ Karl Marx, "Alienated Labour" in Early Writings.
- ↑ Isaiah Berlin, Liberty (Oxford 2004).
- ↑ Charles Taylor, "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty?", Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers (Cambridge, 1985), 211-29.
- ↑ Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Self-Reliance"; Nikolas Kompridis, "Struggling Over the Meaning of Recognition: A Matter of Identity, Justice or Freedom?" in European Journal of Political Theory July 2007 vol. 6 no. 3 277-289.
2016
- http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/anarchists-what-we-stand-for/
- ... We want political freedom. We want a stateless society— a society without rulers and ruled. We want political institutions created out of free association and not coercion. We want autonomy and self-government for all peoples and for all people.
????
- Isaiah Berlin. "Liberty"
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- Hannah Arendt, "'What is Freedom?', Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought".