Sebum
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A Sebum is an oily substance secreted by the body's sebaceous glands.
- See: Hair Follicle, Skin Layer, Exocrine, Scalp, Acne.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland#Sebum Retrieved:2023-7-10.
- Sebum is secreted by the sebaceous gland in humans. It is primarily composed of triglycerides (≈41%), wax esters (≈26%), squalene (≈12%), and free fatty acids (≈16%).[1][2] The composition of sebum varies across species. Wax esters and squalene are unique to sebum and not produced as final products anywhere else in the body.[3] Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans, and is implicated in the development of acne.[4] Sebum is odorless, but its breakdown by bacteria can produce strong odors.[5]
Sex hormones are known to affect the rate of sebum secretion; androgens such as testosterone have been shown to stimulate secretion, and estrogens have been shown to inhibit secretion.[6] Dihydrotestosterone acts as the primary androgen in the prostate and in hair follicles.[7][8]
- Sebum is secreted by the sebaceous gland in humans. It is primarily composed of triglycerides (≈41%), wax esters (≈26%), squalene (≈12%), and free fatty acids (≈16%).[1][2] The composition of sebum varies across species. Wax esters and squalene are unique to sebum and not produced as final products anywhere else in the body.[3] Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans, and is implicated in the development of acne.[4] Sebum is odorless, but its breakdown by bacteria can produce strong odors.[5]
- ↑ Thody, A. J.; Shuster, S. (1989). "Control and Function of Sebaceous Glands". Physiological Reviews 69 (2): 383–416. doi:10.1152/physrev.1989.69.2.383. PMID 2648418.
- ↑ "Mammalian Wax Biosynthesis II: Expression cloning of wax synthase cDNAs encoding a member of the acyltransferase enzyme family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (36): 37798–807. September 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406226200. PMC 2743083. PMID 15220349. http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/moleculargenetics/pdf/dr_cur_res/JBiolChem2004-II.pdf.
- ↑ Smith, K. R.; Thiboutot, D. M. (2007). "Thematic Review Series: Skin Lipids. Sebaceous Gland Lipids: Friend Or Foe?". Journal of Lipid Research 49 (2): 271–281. doi:10.1194/jlr.R700015-JLR200. PMID 17975220.
- ↑ Webster, Guy F.; Anthony V. Rawlings (2007). Acne and Its Therapy. Basic and clinical dermatology. 40. CRC Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-8247-2971-4.
- ↑ Draelos, Zoe Diana (2005). Hair care: an illustrated dermatologic handbook. London; New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-84184-194-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2rHHGQc-5QC&pg=PA26.
- ↑ "The Effect of Estrogen and Androgen on the Sebaceous Gland Turnover Time". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 53 (1): 8–10. December 1968. doi:10.1038/jid.1969.100. PMID 5793140.
- ↑ "The effect of 5alpha-reductase inhibition with dutasteride and finasteride on bone mineral density, serum lipoproteins, hemoglobin, prostate specific antigen and sexual function in healthy young men". J. Urol. 179 (6): 2333–8. June 2008. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.145. PMC 2684818. PMID 18423697. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2684818.
- ↑ Wilkinson, P.F. Millington, R. (1983). Skin (Digitally printed version ed.). Cambridge (GB) [etc.]: Cambridge university press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-521-24122-9.