Alkaline Phosphatase
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An Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme found primarily in the liver (isoenzyme ALP-1) and bone (isoenzyme ALP-2)which is responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
- Example(s):
- Lysobacter enzymogeneshttp://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q05205
- Escherichia coli http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00634
- PMID 1856159: “Lysobacter enzymogenes produces an alkaline phosphatase which is secreted into the medium ”
- Counter-Example(s):
- PMID 411786: “Histochemical techniques applied at the ultrastructural level have clearly established the periplasmic space as the site of alkaline phosphatase activity in Plectonema boryanum”
- PMID 3522543: “We isolated a collection of mutants defective in the export of alkaline phosphatase to the periplasm .Two classes of mutants were obtained one class with lesions unlinked to the phoA gene and a second class harboring linked mutations .Among the former class one mutant is cold sensitive for growth and may be defective in a component of the Escherichia coli secretory apparatus”
- See: Human Liver.
References
2009
- (Wikipedia, 2009) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_outer_membrane
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1) is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation. As the name suggests, alkaline phosphatases are most effective in an alkaline environment. The optimal pH for the activity of the E. coli enzyme is 8.0[1] while the bovine enzyme optimum pH is slightly higher at 8.5. [2]
- It is sometimes used synonymously as basic phosphatase.
- Gene Ontology http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0009279
- Accession:GO:0004035
- Ontology: molecular function
- Synonyms
- exact: alkaline phenyl phosphatase activity
- exact: alkaline phosphohydrolase activity
- exact: alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity
- exact: orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum)
- exact: phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum)
- broad: glycerophosphatase activity
- broad: phosphomonoesterase activity
- Definition
- Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum. [source: EC:3.1.3.1]