Ambulacraria
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An Ambulacraria is a Deuterostomia that is a phylum of marine animals that have a water vascular system and tube feet for locomotion and feeding.
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Echinodermata, Chordata, Arthropoda, Phylogenetic, Eldonia, Sea Star, Sea Urchin, Intertidal Zone, Kachemak Bay, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Invertebrate, Echinoderm, Hemichordate, Deuterostome.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulacraria Retrieved:2023-6-10.
- Ambulacraria , or Coelomopora , is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the echinoderms and hemichordates separated around 533 million years ago. [1] The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a larger clade that also includes the Chordata, Vetulicolia. The two living clades with representative organisms are:
- Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, feather stars, sea lilies, etc.)
- Hemichordata (acorn worms, Pterobranchia, and possibly graptolites) (These together sometimes are called the lower deuterostomes.[2])
Whether the Xenacoelomorpha clade is the sister group to the Ambulacraria remains a contentious issue, with some authors arguing that the former should be placed more basally among metazoans, and other authors asserting that the best choices of phylogenetic methods support the position of Xenacoelomorpha as the sister group to Ambulacraria. Fossil taxa that may lie on the stem lineage:
- Superphylum Ambulacraria
- † “Cambroernids” (informal unranked clade)[3]
- Herpetogaster
- Phlogites
- “Eldoniids” / "Eldonioids"
- Ambulacraria , or Coelomopora , is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the echinoderms and hemichordates separated around 533 million years ago. [1] The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a larger clade that also includes the Chordata, Vetulicolia. The two living clades with representative organisms are:
- ↑ Sea Cucumber Genome Imparts Insight on Genes Linked to Organ Regeneration
- ↑ Lacalli, Thurston Castle. "Tutorial". Marine Invertebrate larvae: A study in morphological diversity. University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
- ↑ Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D. (2010). "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9586C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586. PMC 2833208. PMID 20221405.