Genocide

From GM-RKB
Jump to navigation Jump to search

A Genocide is a violent act committed against a specific group of people with the intention of destroying that group.

References

2023

  • (ChatGPT OpenAI, 2023) ⇒ https://chat.openai.com/
    • Q: What are some examples of genocides in history?
    • A: There have been many instances of genocide throughout history, in which large groups of people have been systematically killed because of their race, ethnicity, religion, or other characteristics. Here are a few examples of genocides that have occurred in different parts of the world:
      • The Holodomor: In the 1930s, the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin deliberately starved millions of Ukrainians in an effort to suppress Ukrainian nationalism and force collectivization of agriculture.
      • The Armenian Genocide: During World War I, the Ottoman Empire systematically murdered an estimated 1.5 million Armenians, a minority group living in the empire.
      • The Holocaust: During World War II, Nazi Germany and its allies systematically murdered approximately six million Jews, as well as millions of Romani people, disabled people, and others deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime.
      • The Rwandan Genocide: In 1994, members of the Hutu ethnic group in Rwanda killed an estimated 500,000 to one million members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutus, over the course of a few months.
      • The Cambodian Genocide: From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia killed an estimated 1.5 to 2 million people, or about a quarter of the country's population, in an attempt to create a communist utopia.
      • The Bosnian Genocide: During the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995, Bosnian Serb forces committed genocide against Bosnian Muslim civilians, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 100,000 people.
      • The Yazidi Genocide: In 2014, the Islamic State (IS) group launched a genocidal campaign against the Yazidi minority group in Iraq and Syria, killing thousands of people and displacing hundreds of thousands more.

2023

  • (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genocide Retrieved:2023-1-3.
    • Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people[1] in whole or in part. In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group." These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group. Victims are targeted because of their real or perceived membership of a group, not randomly.[2]

      The Political Instability Task Force estimated that 43 genocides occurred between 1956 and 2016, resulting in about 50 million deaths. The UNHCR estimated that a further 50 million had been displaced by such episodes of violence up to 2008.[3] Genocide, especially large-scale genocide, is widely considered to signify the epitome of human evil. As a label, it is contentious because it is moralizing, and has been used as a type of moral category since the late 1990s.

  1. ↑ Usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group.
  2. ↑ Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide art. 2, 78 U.N.T.S. 277, 9 December 1948.
  3. ↑ Anderton, Charles H.; Brauer, Jurgen, eds. (2016). Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Prevention. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937829-6.

2023

  • (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_definitions Retrieved:2023-1-3.
    • Genocide definitions include many scholarly and international legal definitions of genocide, [1] a word coined with genos (Greek: "birth", "kind", or "race") and an English suffix -cide by Raphael Lemkin in 1944;[2] however, the precise etymology of the word is a compound of the ancient Greek word γένος ("birth", "genus", or "kind") or Latin word gēns ("tribe", or "clan") and the Latin word caedō ("cut", or "kill"). While there are various definitions of the term, almost all international bodies of law officially adjudicate the crime of genocide pursuant to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG).This and other definitions are generally regarded by the majority of genocide scholars to have an “intent to destroy” as a requirement for any act to be labelled genocide; there is also growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion. Writing in 1998, Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise; the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that for various reasons, none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support.
  1. ↑ Based on a list by Adam Jones .
  2. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary "Genocide" citing Raphael Lemkin Axis Rule in Occupied Europe ix. 79

2018

Retrieved from "http://www.gabormelli.com/RKB/index.php?title=Genocide&oldid=860799"