Intelligent Tutoring System

Context:
- It can provide Tutorial Help on demand at the points of need.
Example(s):
- ASSISTments.
- Cognitive Tutor.
- Khan Academy.
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- a MOOC.
See: Instructional Technology, Heuristic Tutoring System, Personalized System, Learning Companion System.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_tutoring_system
- An intelligent tutoring system (ITS) is a computer system that aims to provide immediate and customized instruction or feedback to learners,^[1] usually without intervention from a human teacher. ITSs have the common goal of enabling learning in a meaningful and effective manner by using a variety of computing technologies. There are many examples of ITSs being used in both formal education and professional settings in which they have demonstrated their capabilities and limitations. There is a close relationship between intelligent tutoring, cognitive learning theories and design; and there is ongoing research to improve the effectiveness of ITS.

↑ Joseph Psotka, Sharon A. Mutter (1988). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-0192-8.

(Pardos et al., 2013) ⇒ Zachary A. Pardos, Yoav Bergner, Daniel T. Seaton, and David E. Pritchard. Adapting bayesian knowledge tracing to a massive open online course in edx. In EDM’13, pages 137–144, Memphis, TN, July 2013.

(Brunskill & Gordon, 2012) ⇒ Emma Brunskill, and Geoffrey Gordon. (2012). “Machine Learning for Student Learning." Tutorial at NIPS 2012 (NIPS 2012).

(Brusilovsky & Schwarz, 1997) ⇒ Peter Brusilovsky, and Elmar Schwarz. (1997). “User as Student: Towards an Adaptive Interface for Advanced Web-based Applications.” In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on User Modeling (UM 1997)
- This problem is known in the area of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) as the problem of coaching (Burton and Brown, 1979), and here IHSs apply the ideas developed by earlier ITSs (Breuker, 1988; Fischer, 1988).
  … Most advanced ITSs could also perform learning unit sequencing or task sequencing, where a learning unit is an educational task of any kind: an explanation, a test, an example, aproblem, etc. (Barr et al., 1976; Brusilovsky, 1992; Capell and Dannenberg, 1993; Vassileva,1990).