Microsoft Web Application Open Platform Interface Protocol

A Microsoft Web Application Open Platform Interface Protocol is a REST-based protocol that enables a WOPI client to access and modify cloud-stored files on a WOPI server by Microsoft Corporation.

• AKA: MS-WOPI, WOPI Protocol.
• Context:
  • It can typically enable Real-Time Document Collaboration through Microsoft 365 applications.
  • It can typically facilitate File Access Operations, such as viewing and editing Microsoft Office documents, within a web browser.
  • It can often integrate Cloud Storage Services with Microsoft 365 for the web for document management tasks.
  • It can range from being a Simple WOPI Implementation to being a Complex WOPI Implementation, depending on its WOPI operation set.
  • It can interface with Third-Party Cloud Storage for secure file access.
  • It can support WOPI Lock Mechanisms for concurrency control.
  • It can provide WOPI Access Tokens for secure authentication and authorization.
  • It can enable WOPI Discovery for identifying supported file types and actions.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • WOPI Protocol Versions, such as:
    • WOPI Protocol v15.0 (2025-05-20), a major update significantly changing the technical content, adding new response headers like X-WOPI-ItemVersion for Lock and Unlock operations, X-WOPI-LockFailureReason for RefreshLock and Unlock, status code 409 for RenameFile, and updating product behavior.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.5 (2025-02-18), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.4 (2024-11-12), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.3 (2024-05-21), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.3 (2023-02-21), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.2 (2022-11-15), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.1 (2022-05-17), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.0 (2021-11-16), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v14.0 (2021-10-05), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding new operations and improved integration features.
    • WOPI Protocol v13.0 (2021-07-20), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely enhancing co-authoring and file synchronization capabilities.
    • WOPI Protocol v12.2 (2020-11-17), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v12.1 (2019-06-18), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v12.0 (2019-03-19), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely introducing new REST endpoints or security enhancements.
    • WOPI Protocol v11.1 (2018-10-01), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v11.0 (2018-07-24), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v11.0 (2017-12-12), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding support for additional file types or actions.
    • WOPI Protocol v10.0 (2017-09-19), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely improving real-time collaboration features.
    • WOPI Protocol v9.0 (2017-06-20), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely enhancing WOPI discovery and host capabilities.
    • WOPI Protocol v8.0 (2017-03-28), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding lock management improvements.
    • WOPI Protocol v7.0 (2016-10-17), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely introducing co-authoring support.
    • WOPI Protocol v6.0 (2016-09-14), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v6.0 (2016-09-07), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding new file operations.
    • WOPI Protocol v5.0 (2016-06-23), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely enhancing integration with Office Online.
    • WOPI Protocol v4.0 (2015-09-04), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding support for mobile views.
    • WOPI Protocol v3.0 (2015-03-16), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely introducing editing capabilities.
    • WOPI Protocol v2.2 (2014-10-30), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v2.1 (2014-07-31), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v2.0 (2014-04-30), a major update significantly changing the technical content, likely adding basic collaboration features.
    • WOPI Protocol v1.0 (2014-02-10), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v1.0 (2013-11-18), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v1.0 (2013-07-30), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v1.0 (2013-02-11), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v1.0 (2012-10-08), a major update significantly changing the technical content, establishing core file access operations.
    • WOPI Protocol v0.2 (2012-07-16), a minor update clarifying the meaning of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v0.1 (2012-04-11), no changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.
    • WOPI Protocol v0.1 (2012-01-20), the initial release introducing the basic protocol for enabling clients to access and change files stored on servers.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Google Docs API, which uses Google-specific protocols for document collaboration instead of WOPI protocol.
  • Traditional Desktop Microsoft Office, which lacks web-based file access via WOPI operations.
  • Apache OpenOffice, which relies on local file storage rather than cloud-based WOPI integration.
• See: REST API, Microsoft 365, Cloud Storage Service, Collaborative File Sharing System.

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