Russian Federation (1991-)

A Russian Federation (1991-) is a sovereign country in Eurasia that emerged as the successor state of the USSR.

• Context:
  • It can exercise State Power through:
    • Federal Government across federal subjects.
    • Presidential System with executive authority.
    • Federal Assembly with legislative powers.
  • It can manage Natural Resources through:
    • Energy Production via oil reserves and natural gas fields.
    • Mineral Extraction from precious metal deposits and rare earth elements.
    • Forest Resources across vast territory.
  • ...
  • It can maintain Population Structure through:
    • Ethnic Russian majority population.
    • Indigenous Peoples in various regions.
    • Immigrant Communitys from former Soviet states.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Regional Power to being a Global Power, depending on its international influence.
  • It can range from being a Market Economy to being a State-Controlled Economy, depending on sector and strategic importance.
  • ...
  • It can develop International Relations through:
    • Strategic Partnerships with allied states.
    • Economic Cooperation via Eurasian Economic Union.
    • Military Alliances through Collective Security Treaty Organization.
  • ...
  • It can maintain Military Capabilitys through:
    • Nuclear Forces with strategic deterrence.
    • Conventional Military with power projection.
    • Defense Industry for military equipment production.
  • ...
• Examples:
  • Russian Federation Periods, such as:
    • Early Transition Eras, such as:
      • Russia (1991-1993), during initial reforms.
      • Russia (1994-1999), establishing market economy.
    • Consolidation Eras, such as:
      • Russia (2000-2008), strengthening central authority.
      • Russia (2009-2013), recovering from financial crisis.
    • Contemporary Eras, such as:
      • Russia (2014-2021), pursuing assertive foreign policy.
      • Russia (2022-present), conducting military operations.
  • Regional Administrations, such as:
    • Federal Citys, such as:
      • Moscow, serving as federal capital.
      • Saint Petersburg, maintaining cultural significance.
    • Federal Districts, such as:
      • Central Federal District, coordinating regional governance.
      • Far Eastern Federal District, managing Pacific region.
  • ...
• Counter-Examples:
  • USSR (1922-1991), which represented a different political system and territorial extent.
  • Imperial Russia (1721-1917), which operated under monarchical rule.
  • Russian Soviet Republic (1917-1922), which existed during revolutionary period.
• See: Russian Government, Russian Economy, Russian Military, Russian Foreign Policy, Russian Culture, Commonwealth of Independent States, Moscow, Russian Language.

---

---

References

2017

• (Wikipedia, 2017) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia Retrieved:2017-12-27.
  • Russia officially the Russian Federation is a sovereign country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, and Kazan. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and sole successor state of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

---