System

A System is an composite entity with interacting components.

• Context:
  • It can range from being a Physical System to being an Abstract System (such as a formal system).
  • It can range from being a Closed System to being an Open System.
  • It can range from being a Simple System to being a Complex System.
  • It can range from being a Fixed System to being a Dynamic System.
  • It can range from being a Evolved System to being a Designed System.
  • It can range from being a Healthy System to being a Stable System to being an Unstable System to being a Failed System.
  • It can express some Behavior.
  • It can be Modeled (represented as model).
  • It can precipitate a Cause.
  • It can experience System Change.
  • It can be Analyzed by a Systems Analysis Task.
  • It can be Studied by a Systems Science.
  • It can be represented by a Systems Theory.
  • It can experience a System Breakdown.
  • It can (typically) have a System Birth.
  • It can (typically) anticipate a System Death.
  • It can attain a System Ability Score (on a system capability measure).
• Example(s):
  • a Planetary System.
  • a Biological System, such as an ecosystem.
  • an Individual Human.
  • a Social System, such as a human societal system.
    • an Economic System (that can contain financial systems).
    • a Political System.
  • a Computing System.
  • a Thermodynamic System.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • an Information-bearing Non-Touching Stone Arrangement.
  • a Relation.
• See: System Property, Element (Mathematics), Systems Engineering, Systems Analysis, Interaction.

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References

2014

• (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/system Retrieved:2014-6-12.
  • A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements (often called 'components' ) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

    Fields that study the general properties of systems include systems science, systems theory, systems engineering, cybernetics, dynamical systems, thermodynamics, complex systems and system analysis and design. They investigate the abstract properties of systems' matter and organization, looking for concepts and principles that are independent of domain, substance, type, or temporal scale. Some systems share common characteristics, including:* A system has structure, it contains parts (or components) that are directly or indirectly related to each other;

    • A system has behavior, it exhibits processes that fulfill its function or purpose;
    • A system has interconnectivity: the parts and processes are connected by structural and/or behavioral relationships.
    • A system's structure and behavior may be decomposed via subsystems and sub-processes to elementary parts and process steps.
    • A system has behavior that, in relativity to its surroundings, may be categorized as both fast and strong
  • The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or behavior. Alternatively, and usually in the context of complex social systems, the term institution is used to describe the set of rules that govern structure and/or behavior.

2013

• http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/system#Noun
  • A whole composed of relationships among the members.

2009

• WordNet.
  • instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the ...
  • a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going"
  • (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
  • a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender"
  • arrangement: an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"
  • a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
  • a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
  • the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
  • organization: an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized; "his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality"; "we can't do it unless we establish some system around here"

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