Text Annotation System

A Text Annotation System is an annotation system that implements text annotation algorithms to support text annotation tasks.

• AKA: Text Markup System, Text Labeling System, Text Annotation Platform.
• Context:
  • It can typically process Text Documents through text annotation pipelines.
  • It can typically apply Text Annotation Schemas for text annotation consistency.
  • It can typically support Text Markup Languages through text annotation formats.
  • It can typically enable Text Feature Extraction through text annotation layers.
  • It can typically provide Text Annotation Interfaces for text annotation interaction.
  • ...
  • It can often integrate Natural Language Processing Tools for text annotation enhancement.
  • It can often support Collaborative Text Annotation through text annotation sharing mechanisms.
  • It can often maintain Text Annotation Version History through text annotation tracking.
  • It can often generate Text Annotation Statistics through text annotation analytics.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Semantic Text Annotation System to being a Syntactic Text Annotation System, depending on its text annotation linguistic level.
  • It can range from being an Automated Text Annotation System to being a Manual Text Annotation System, depending on its text annotation automation degree.
  • It can range from being a Rule-Based Text Annotation System to being a Machine Learning-Based Text Annotation System, depending on its text annotation methodology.
  • It can range from being a Single-Language Text Annotation System to being a Multi-Language Text Annotation System, depending on its text annotation language support.
  • It can range from being a Domain-Specific Text Annotation System to being a General-Purpose Text Annotation System, depending on its text annotation application scope.
  • ...
  • It can be supported by Text Preprocessing Systems for text annotation preparation.
  • It can be integrated with Text Analysis Pipelines for text annotation workflow.
  • It can be deployed on Text Annotation Infrastructure with text annotation computing resources.
  • It can be evaluated using Text Annotation Quality Metrics for text annotation performance assessment.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • General-Purpose Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Web-Based Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • BRAT Text Annotation System for collaborative text annotation projects.
      • WebAnno Text Annotation System for multi-layer text annotation.
      • TagTog Text Annotation System for team-based text annotation.
      • Doccano Text Annotation System for machine learning text annotation.
    • Desktop Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • WordFreak System for linguistic text annotation tasks.
      • GATE Text Annotation System for text mining annotation.
      • Knowtator System for ontology-based text annotation.
  • Linguistic Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Syntactic Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • Stanford CoreNLP Annotation System for syntactic text analysis.
      • spaCy Text Annotation System for dependency parsing annotation.
      • TreeTagger System for part-of-speech text annotation.
    • Semantic Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • UIMA Text Annotation System for semantic text processing.
      • TextRazor Annotation System for entity and relation text annotation.
      • AllenNLP Annotation System for deep semantic text annotation.
    • Discourse Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • RST Tool for rhetorical structure text annotation.
      • PDTB Annotator for discourse relation text annotation.
  • Named Entity Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Person Entity Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • Stanford NER System for person name text annotation.
      • spaCy NER System for entity recognition text annotation.
    • Medical Entity Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • MetaMap Annotation System for biomedical concept text annotation.
      • cTAKES Text Annotation System for clinical text annotation.
  • Domain-Specific Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Legal Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • Semantic Contract Annotation System (SCAS) for contract text annotation.
      • LexNLP Annotation System for legal document text annotation.
    • Scientific Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • PubAnnotation System for biomedical literature text annotation.
      • ChemDataExtractor System for chemistry text annotation.
    • Financial Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • FinBERT Annotation System for financial sentiment text annotation.
      • Bloomberg Text Annotation System for financial news text annotation.
  • Specialized Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Text Wikification Systems, such as:
      • GMRKB-directed Wikification System for knowledge base text annotation.
      • DBpedia Spotlight System for wiki entity text annotation.
      • TAGME System for short text wikification annotation.
    • Coreference Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • CorefAnnotator System for coreference resolution text annotation.
      • neuralcoref System for neural coreference text annotation.
    • Sentiment Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • VADER Sentiment System for social media text annotation.
      • TextBlob Annotation System for sentiment polarity text annotation.
  • Multi-Layer Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Morphological Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • Morfette System for morphological text analysis annotation.
      • MarMoT System for morphological tagging text annotation.
    • Phonetic Text Annotation Systems, such as:
      • Festival System for phonetic transcription text annotation.
      • eSpeak System for pronunciation text annotation.
  • Supporting Text Annotation Systems, such as:
    • Text Preprocessing Systems, such as:
      • Sentence Boundary Detection System for text segmentation annotation.
      • Tokenization System for word boundary text annotation.
    • Text Validation Systems, such as:
      • Annotated Text Repair System for text annotation correction.
      • Inter-Annotator Agreement System for text annotation quality control.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Text Analytics Extraction System, which extracts information from text without creating text annotation layers.
  • Human Text Annotator, which is a human agent rather than a text annotation system.
  • Audio Annotation System, which annotates audio data rather than text documents.
  • Video Annotation System, which processes video content rather than text data.
  • Image Annotation System, which labels visual content rather than textual content.
• See: Annotation System, Text Understanding System, Natural Language Processing System, Document Annotation System, Text Analysis Pipeline, UIMA Framework, Text Annotation Task.

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References

2009

• (Wilcock, 2009) ⇒ Graham Wilcock. (2009). “Introduction to Linguistic Annotation and Text Analytics.” In: Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies. Morgan & Claypool. doi:10.2200/S00194ED1V01Y200905HLT003 ISBN:1598297384
  • QUOET: This book focusses on the annotation of texts, where the language is written not spoken, so we do not include an annotation level matching phonology. The annotation tasks that deal with the level of orthography are tokenization and sentence boundary detection. These tasks segment the text into distinct words (tokens) and distinct sentences. It does not usually matter which of these two tasks is performed first, but it is important that both tasks are performed before the higher-level tasks are done.

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