Annotation Schema

An Annotation Schema is a schema that defines annotation structures and annotation rules for annotation tasks.

• AKA: Annotation Specification, Annotation Format, Annotation Standard.
• Context:
  • It can typically specify Annotation Types for annotation categorization.
  • It can typically define Annotation Attributes for annotation property specification.
  • It can typically establish Annotation Constraints for annotation validation.
  • It can typically provide Hierarchies for annotation organization.
  • It can typically include Annotation Examples for annotator guidance.
  • ...
  • It can often incorporate Annotation Relationships between annotation elements.
  • It can often support Annotation Format Specifications for annotation serialization.
  • It can often enable Annotation Interoperability across annotation systems.
  • It can often evolve through Annotation Schema Versions based on annotation requirements.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Simple Annotation Schema to being a Complex Annotation Schema, depending on its annotation structural complexity.
  • It can range from being a Fixed Annotation Schema to being an Extensible Annotation Schema, depending on its annotation flexibility.
  • It can range from being a Single-Purpose Annotation Schema to being a Multi-Purpose Annotation Schema, depending on its annotation application scope.
  • It can range from being a Flat Annotation Schema to being a Hierarchical Annotation Schema, depending on its annotation organizational structure.
  • It can range from being a Domain-Agnostic Annotation Schema to being a Domain-Specific Annotation Schema, depending on its annotation domain focus.
  • ...
  • It can be utilized by Annotation Systems for annotation execution.
  • It can guide Annotation Guidelines Documents in annotation instruction creation.
  • It can support Annotation Processes through annotation standardization.
  • It can enable Annotation Quality Control via annotation consistency enforcement.
  • It can facilitate Annotation Pipelines through annotation format definition.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Domain-Specific Annotation Schemas, such as:
    • Medical Annotation Schemas, such as:
      • UMLS Annotation Schema for medical concept annotation.
      • BioNLP Annotation Schema for biomedical text annotation.
      • RadLex Annotation Schema for radiology report annotation.
    • Legal Annotation Schemas, such as:
      • Contract Annotation Schema for contract element tagging.
      • Case Law Annotation Schema for legal precedent marking.
      • Statute Annotation Schema for legislative text annotation.
    • Linguistic Annotation Schemas, such as:
      • Penn Treebank Annotation Schema for syntactic annotation.
      • CoNLL Annotation Schema for named entity annotation.
      • Universal Dependencies Schema for dependency annotation.
  • Task-Based Annotation Schemas, such as:
    • Named Entity Annotation Schemas defining entity types and entity attributes.
    • Sentiment Annotation Schemas specifying categories and sentiment scales.
    • Image Segmentation Annotation Schemas outlining segment classes and properties.
    • Temporal Annotation Schemas for time expressions and event ordering.
  • Format-Specific Annotation Schemas, such as:
    • XML-Based Annotation Schemas using XML structure definition.
    • JSON-Based Annotation Schemas using JSON format specification.
    • Standoff Annotation Schemas for external annotation storage.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Annotation Guidelines Document, which provides annotation instructions rather than formal structures.
  • Data Schema, which defines data structures without annotation-specific rules.
  • Annotation Output, which represents annotation results rather than annotation specifications.
  • Database Schema, which structures database tables rather than annotation elements.
  • Annotation Process Model, which describes annotation workflows rather than annotation formats.
• See: Schema, Annotation Task, Annotation System, Annotation Guidelines Document, Data Model, Annotation Process, RDF Schema Language.

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