Deference
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A Deference is a human condition of submitting to a legitimate influence of superiors.
- Context:
- It can involve Instrumental Elements and Relational Elements.
- It can be associated to a Social Group.
- …
- Example(s):
- to Aristotle/Aristotelian Position.
- to Scientists.
- Religious Deference to one's religion.
- Political Deference to one's political party.
- Legal Deference to one's legal agent.
- Managerial Deference to one's organizational superiors.
- Educational Deference to one's educational superiors.
- Familial Deference to one's familial superiors.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Legitimacy (Political), Submission (Disambiguation), Reverence (Emotion), Judicial Deference, Argument from Authority, Fear of Punishment.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deference Retrieved:2021-9-7.
- Deference (also called submission or passivity) is the condition of submitting to the espoused, legitimate influence of one's superior or superiors. [1] Deference implies a yielding or submitting to the judgment of a recognized superior, out of respect or reverence. Deference has been studied extensively by political scientists, sociologists, and psychologists.
- ↑ John B. Kirbya, "Early American Politics—The Search for Ideology: An Historiographical Analysis and Critique of the Concept of 'Deference,'" The Journal of Politics, Volume 32, Issue 04, November 1970 pp 808–838
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deference#Psychology Retrieved:2021-9-7.
- There is ongoing debate among psychologists as to the extent to which deference in a relationship is determined by a person's innate personality type or is the result of a person's experiences and conditioning. In interpersonal relationships, a partner can assume a submissive role to fit in or to make themself acceptable to the other partner, and can be a benign aspect of a relationship. On the other hand, it may be an indication of an interpersonal problem, such as partner abuse. If one or both of the people are experiencing chronic, pervasive emotional distress then the sex partners or individuals may require psychological evaluation.
In interpersonal relationships, some people prefer or are willing to adopt a submissive role in sexual activities or personal matters. The level and type of submission can vary from person to person, and from one context to another; and also is dependent on the other partner being willing to assume control in those situations. Some people can include occasional acts of submission in an otherwise conventional sex life, or adopt a submissive lifestyle.
- There is ongoing debate among psychologists as to the extent to which deference in a relationship is determined by a person's innate personality type or is the result of a person's experiences and conditioning. In interpersonal relationships, a partner can assume a submissive role to fit in or to make themself acceptable to the other partner, and can be a benign aspect of a relationship. On the other hand, it may be an indication of an interpersonal problem, such as partner abuse. If one or both of the people are experiencing chronic, pervasive emotional distress then the sex partners or individuals may require psychological evaluation.
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social_status Retrieved:2021-1-11.
- Social status is a measurement of social value. More specifically, it refers to the relative level of respect, honor, assumed competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society.
1997
- (Tyler, 1997) ⇒ Tom R. Tyler. (1997). “The Psychology of Legitimacy: A Relational Perspective on Voluntary Deference to Authorities.” Personality and social psychology review 1, no. 4
- ABSTRACT: People within organized groups often internalize their feelings of obligation to obey group rules and the decisions of group authorities. They believe that group authorities and rules are legitimate and, hence, entitled to be obeyed. Because of this belief, group members voluntarily accept and obey rules and decisions from group authorities. This review draws on evidence from studies of authorities in political, legal, managerial, educational, and family settings to explore why people view as legitimate and voluntarily defer to group authorities. Two theories about legitimacy are contrasted: resource-based theories, represented by instrumental models, and identification based theories, represented by the relational model. The findings provide strong support for the existence of a relational component of legitimacy, suggesting that authorities draw an important part of their legitimacy from their social relationship with group members. The findings also show that there is an instrumental component to legitimacy. Hence, the psychology of legitimacy involves both instrumental and relational elements.