Recognition Task

A recognition task is a decisioning task that requires the detection and classification of some simple pattern into a structured pattern.

• AKA: Recognized.
• Context:
  • Input: a Dataset.
    • optional: Metadata.
    • optional: a set of Pattern Types.
    • optional: a set of Pattern Type Descriptions.
  • output: A Pattern.
    • optional: A Recognizer Function.
  • Performance: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Measure.
  • It can be instantiated in a Recognition Act.
  • It can (typically) be decomposed into a Detection Task and a Classification Task.
  • It can be solved by a Recognition System (that implements a recognition algorithm.
  • It can support a Resolution Task, and a Normalization Task.
• Example(s):
  • A Mention Recognition Task, such as an Entity Mention Recognition Task, or a Relation Mention Recognition Task.
  • An Image Recognition Task.
  • A Record Recognition Task.
  • A Signal Recognition Task.
  • a Perceptual Recognition Task.
  • A Named Entity Mention Recognition Task.
  • A Semantic Relation Mention Recognition Task.
  • A Visual Entity Recognition Task, such as a human face recognition task.
  • A Handwriting Recognition Task, an Image Pattern Recognition Task.
• See: Pattern Matching Task, Learning Task, Hypothesis Testing Task.

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References

2015

• (Wikipedia, 2015) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/recognition#In_science_and_technology Retrieved:2015-4-3.
  • Automatic number plate recognition, the use of optical character recognition to read vehicle registration plates
  • Facial recognition system, a system to identify individuals by their facial characteristics
  • Iris recognition, a method of biometric identification
  • Antigen recognition, in immunology
  • Face perception, the process by which the human brain understands and interprets the face
  • Gesture recognition, the interpretation of human gestures
  • Handwriting recognition, the conversion of handwritten text into machine-encoded text
  • Intra-species recognition, the recognition of another member of the same species
  • Language identification, the problem of identifying which natural language given content is in
  • Magnetic ink character recognition, used mainly by the banking industry
  • Molecular recognition, the interaction between two or more molecules through non-covalent bonding
  • Named entity recognition, the classification of elements in text into predefined categories
  • Natural language understanding, the parsing of the meaning of text
  • Optical character recognition, the conversion of typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text
  • Optical mark recognition, the capturing of human-marked data from document forms
  • Pareidolia, a psychological phenomenon in which a vague stimulus is perceived as significant
  • Pattern recognition, a branch of machine learning which encompasses the meanings below
  • Recall (memory), the retrieval of events or information from the past
  • Recognition (sociology), a public acknowledgement of person's status or merits
  • Recognition of human individuals, or biometrics, used as a form of identification and access control
  • Speech recognition, the conversion of spoken words into text

2009a

• (Wiktionary, 2009) ⇒ http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recognize
  • Verb to recognize (third-person singular simple present recognizes, present participle recognizing, simple past and past participle recognized)
    • 1. (transitive) To match something or someone which one currently perceives to a memory of some previous encounter with the same entity.
    • …

2009b

• (Wikipedia, 2009) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition
  • Recognition is one of the three basic memory tasks. It involves identifying objects or events that have been encountered before.
  • Recognition (re+cognition) is a process that occurs in thinking when some event, process, pattern, or object recurs. Coming from the base cognition; cognition has various uses in different fields of study and has generally accepted to be used for the process of awareness or thought. In psychology, cognition is used for information processing view of a person's psychological functions. This takes place as we process the stimuli with previous memories and experiences and find relationships between the current stimuli and our memories.

2005

• (Strasburder, 2005) ⇒ Hans Strasburger. (2005). “Unfocussed Spatial Attention Underlies the Crowding Effect in Indirect Form Vision.” In: Journal of Vision, 5(11):8.
  • QUOTE: In a hierarchy of task complexity ranging from
    1. pattern detection (present/nonpresent),
    2. coarse grating discrimination1 (horizontal/vertical),
    3. fine grating discrimination (orientation threshold), and
    4. character recognition or identification,

Tasks 1 and 2 can be treated as more or less equivalent and as different from Task 4. The distinctive characteristic of the highest-level perceptual tasks–recognition or identification–as compared to the lower level (discrimination) we there suggested to be the dimensionality of the decision space, i.e. the requirement for the observer to chose his or her response from a comparatively large number of alternatives.

1The term “discrimination task” is sometimes used in a different meaning, implying the judgement of a quantity being larger or smaller than another (the corresponding psychometric function then goes from −1 to 1). This is not implied here, the intended meaning being that the observer can discriminate between two broadly different stimuli and thereby identify each. The term “identification task” is sometimes used for that case but is avoided here to reserve the concept of identification for those tasks where discrimination between a few cases will not solve the identification.

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