Aluminium-Ion Battery
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An Aluminium-Ion Battery is a rechargeable battery in which aluminium ions provide energy by flowing from the negative electrode of the battery, the anode, to the positive electrode, the cathode.
- See: Li-Ion Batteries, Manganese Oxide.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium-ion_battery Retrieved:2020-10-21.
- Aluminium-ion batteries are a class of rechargeable battery in which aluminium ions provide energy by flowing from the negative electrode of the battery, the anode, to the positive electrode, the cathode. When recharging, aluminium ions return to the negative electrode, and can exchange three electrons per ion. This means that insertion of one is equivalent to three [math]\ce{ Li+ }[/math] ions in conventional intercalation cathodes. Thus, since the ionic radii of (0.54 Å) and [math]\ce{ Li+ }[/math] (0.76 Å) are similar, significantly higher models of electrons and ions can be accepted by the cathodes without much pulverization. [1] The trivalent charge carrier, is both the advantage and disadvantage of this battery. While transferring 3 units of charge by one ion significantly increase the energy storage capacity but the electrostatic intercalation of the host materials with a trivalent cation is too strong for well-defined electrochemical behaviour. Rechargeable aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of low cost and low flammability, together with three-electron-redox properties leading to high capacity. The inertness of aluminum and the ease of handling in an ambient environment is expected to offer significant safety improvements for this kind of battery. In addition, aluminum possesses a higher volumetric capacity than Li, K, Mg, Na, Ca and Zn owing to its high density (at 25 °C) and ability to exchange three electrons. This again means that the energy stored in aluminum-batteries on a per volume basis is higher than that in other metal-based batteries. Hence, aluminum-batteries are expected to be smaller in size. Al-ion batteries also have a higher number of charge-discharge cycles. Thus, Al-ion batteries have the potential to replace Li-ion batteries.
- ↑ Zafar, Z. A., et al. (2017). "Cathode materials for rechargeable aluminum batteries: current status and progress." J. Mater. Chem. A 5(12): 5646-5660 |http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/ta/c7ta00282c#!divAbstract%7C
2019
- (Wu et al., 2019) ⇒ Chuan Wu, Sichen Gu, Qinghua Zhang, Ying Bai, Matthew Li, Yifei Yuan, Huali Wang et al. (2019). “Electrochemically Activated Spinel Manganese Oxide for Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum Battery.” Nature communications 10, no. 1
- Aluminum is a naturally abundant, trivalent charge carrier with high theoretical specific capacity and volumetric energy density, rendering aluminum-ion batteries a technology of choice for future large-scale energy storage. However, the frequent collapse of the host structure of the cathode materials and sluggish kinetics of aluminum ion diffusion have thus far hampered the realization of practical battery devices. Here, we synthesize [math]\displaystyle{ Al_xMnO_2·nH_2O }[/math] by an in-situ electrochemical transformation reaction to be used as a cathode material for an aluminum-ion battery with a configuration of [math]\displaystyle{ Al/Al(OTF)_3-H_2O/Al_xMnO_2·nH_2O }[/math]. This cell is not only based on aqueous electrolyte chemistry but also delivers a high specific capacity of 467 mAh g−1 and a record high energy density of 481 Wh kg−1. The high safety of aqueous electrolyte, facile cell assembly and the low cost of materials suggest that this aqueous aluminum-ion battery holds promise for large-scale energy applications. ...
... Thus, all the results suggest that the products are Al containing manganese dioxide with crystal water, verifying the electrochemical transformation of [math]\displaystyle{ Mn_3O_4 → Al_xMnO_2·nH_2O }[/math]. …
- Aluminum is a naturally abundant, trivalent charge carrier with high theoretical specific capacity and volumetric energy density, rendering aluminum-ion batteries a technology of choice for future large-scale energy storage. However, the frequent collapse of the host structure of the cathode materials and sluggish kinetics of aluminum ion diffusion have thus far hampered the realization of practical battery devices. Here, we synthesize [math]\displaystyle{ Al_xMnO_2·nH_2O }[/math] by an in-situ electrochemical transformation reaction to be used as a cathode material for an aluminum-ion battery with a configuration of [math]\displaystyle{ Al/Al(OTF)_3-H_2O/Al_xMnO_2·nH_2O }[/math]. This cell is not only based on aqueous electrolyte chemistry but also delivers a high specific capacity of 467 mAh g−1 and a record high energy density of 481 Wh kg−1. The high safety of aqueous electrolyte, facile cell assembly and the low cost of materials suggest that this aqueous aluminum-ion battery holds promise for large-scale energy applications. ...