Permian Period

A Permian Period is a geologic period from 298.9 ± 0.2 to 252.2 ± 0.5 million years ago.

• Context:
  • It can (typically) conclude with a Permian-Triassic Extinction.
  • It can be associated with Vertebrates, such as Synapsids (early mammals).
  • It can be followed by a Triassic Period.
  • It can be followed by a Carboniferous Period.
  • It can include: Cisuralian, Guadalup, Lopin, Asselian, Sakmarian, Artinskian, Kungurian, Roadian, Wordian, Capitanian, Wuchiapingian, Changhsingian, ...
  • It can associated with Pangea.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Carboniferous Period.
  • Triassic Period.
• See: Geologic Period, System (Stratigraphy), Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Great Perm, Amniote, Mammal, Turtle, Lepidosaurs, Archosaur.

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References

2014

• (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/permian Retrieved:2014-9-20.
  • The Permian is a geologic period and system which extends from to million years ago. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era, following the Carboniferous Period and preceding the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the ancient kingdom of Permia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the early amniotes into the ancestral groups of the mammals, turtles, lepidosaurs and archosaurs. The world at the time was dominated by a single supercontinent known as Pangaea, surrounded by a global ocean called Panthalassa. The extensive rainforests of the Carboniferous had disappeared, leaving behind vast regions of arid desert within the continental interior. Reptiles, who could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in lieu of their amphibian ancestors. The Permian Period (along with the Paleozoic Era) ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, in which nearly 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species died out. It would take well into the Triassic for life to recover from this catastrophe Recovery from the Permian-Triassic extinction event was protracted; on land, ecosystems took 30M years to recover.

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