Python Web Framework

A Python Web Framework is a web application framework that can support web application development tasks using Python programming language with HTTP request handling and response generation systems.

• AKA: Python-Based Web Framework, Python Web Application Framework, Python HTTP Framework, Python WAF.
• Context:
  • It can typically provide URL routing mechanisms for request dispatching to appropriate handler functions through decorator patterns or configuration-based routing.
  • It can typically include template engines for HTML generation, dynamic content rendering, and view composition using Jinja2 template, Django template, or custom template systems.
  • It can typically enable database integration through ORM systems like SQLAlchemy, Django ORM, or database abstraction layers for data persistence.
  • It can typically handle HTTP requests and HTTP responses with request parsing, header management, and response formatting through WSGI protocol or ASGI protocol.
  • It can typically provide middleware support for cross-cutting concerns including authentication middleware, authorization middleware, request logging, and error handling.
  • It can typically maintain session management and cookie handling for stateful web applications with session storage and user tracking.
  • It can typically support static file serving for CSS files, JavaScript files, image assets, and media files through static file handlers.
  • It can typically facilitate form handling with input validation, CSRF protection, data sanitization, and file upload processing.
  • It can typically implement security features including SQL injection prevention, XSS protection, clickjacking defense, and secure headers.
  • It can often support RESTful API development with JSON serialization, API endpoints, content negotiation, and API versioning.
  • It can often enable WebSocket communication for real-time applications, bidirectional communication, and event-driven architectures in ASGI-compatible frameworks.
  • It can often provide testing utilitys for unit testing, integration testing, functional testing, and test clients based on pytest or unittest.
  • It can often include development servers for local testing, hot reloading, debugging support, and error pages with stack traces.
  • It can often utilize Python decorators for route definition, view function configuration, permission checking, and caching directives.
  • It can often support asynchronous programming with async/await syntax, coroutine support, and concurrent request handling in ASGI frameworks.
  • It can often implement plugin architectures or extension systems for functionality enhancement, third-party integration, and modular development.
  • It can often provide CLI tools for project scaffolding, database migration, management commands, and development workflow.
  • It can often enable internationalization support with translation systems, locale management, and multilingual content.
  • It can range from being a Python Microframework to being a Python Full-Stack Framework, depending on its feature scope.
  • It can range from being a Synchronous Python Framework to being an Asynchronous Python Framework, depending on its execution model.
  • It can range from being a Traditional Python Framework to being a Modern Python Framework, depending on its development paradigm.
  • It can integrate with Python package ecosystem through PyPI repository, pip installer, and virtual environments.
  • It can connect to cloud platforms for deployment, scaling, and managed services like AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure.
  • It can support containerization with Docker containers, Kubernetes orchestration, and microservice architectures.
  • ...
• Examples:
  • Python Full-Stack Frameworks, such as:
    • Django Web Application Framework with batteries-included philosophy, admin interface, and comprehensive documentation.
    • Pyramid Framework with flexible architecture, traversal-based routing, and policy mechanisms.
    • TurboGears Framework combining multiple components for rapid development and modular design.
    • Web2py Framework with web-based IDE, ticketing system, and backward compatibility.
  • Python Microframeworks, such as:
    • Flask Framework with minimal core, extension-based architecture, and Werkzeug toolkit.
    • Bottle Framework as single-file framework for simple applications and REST APIs.
    • CherryPy Framework with object-oriented HTTP framework and built-in server.
    • Hug Framework for API development with automatic documentation.
  • Python Asynchronous Frameworks, such as:
    • FastAPI Framework with automatic API documentation, type-based validation, and Pydantic integration.
    • Tornado Framework with non-blocking I/O, WebSocket support, and long polling.
    • Sanic Framework with async/await support, high performance, and production server.
    • Aiohttp Framework for async HTTP client/server and WebSocket handling.
    • Quart Framework as async Flask alternative with ASGI support.
    • Starlette Framework as lightweight ASGI framework and FastAPI foundation.
  • Python Data Science Frameworks, such as:
    • Streamlit Web Framework for data applications, machine learning dashboards, and rapid prototyping.
    • Dash Web-Development Framework for analytical web applications, interactive visualizations, and Plotly integration.
    • Gradio Framework for machine learning model demonstration, interface generation, and demo sharing.
    • Panel Framework for data apps with Bokeh integration and widget system.
  • Python API Frameworks, such as:
    • Django REST Framework built on Django framework for REST APIs with serialization.
    • Eve Framework for REST APIs with MongoDB integration and hypermedia support.
    • Connexion Framework with OpenAPI-first design and automatic validation.
    • Falcon Framework for high-performance APIs with minimal overhead.
    • Responder Framework combining Flask simplicity with async support.
  • Python Enterprise Frameworks, such as:
    • Zope Framework as early object-oriented framework with component architecture.
    • Plone CMS built on Zope for enterprise content management.
    • Pylons Framework (historical) merged into Pyramid Framework.
  • Python Specialized Frameworks, such as:
    • Jupyter Server for notebook serving and computational environments.
    • Voila Framework for Jupyter notebook conversion to web applications.
    • Anvil Framework for full-stack Python with visual designer.
  • ...
• Counter-Examples:
  • Ruby on Rails Framework, which uses Ruby programming language rather than Python programming language.
  • Express.js Framework, which uses JavaScript language for Node.js platform rather than Python runtime.
  • Spring Framework, which uses Java language with different architectural patterns and JVM platform.
  • PHP Frameworks like Laravel Framework or Symfony Framework, which use PHP language.
  • ASP.NET Framework, which uses .NET platform with C# language or VB.NET language.
  • Python GUI Frameworks like Tkinter, PyQt, or Kivy, which target desktop applications rather than web applications.
  • Python Game Frameworks like Pygame or Panda3D, which focus on game development rather than web development.
• See: Web Application Framework (WAF), 3rd-Party Software Development Framework, Python Programming Language, WSGI Protocol, ASGI Protocol, HTTP Server, Template Engine, ORM System, MVC Pattern, REST API, Web Development, Python Package Index (PyPI), Web Server, Database System, Frontend Framework, JavaScript Framework.

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