Amino Acid Symbol

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An Amino Acid Symbol is a symbol for an amino acid.



References

Symbol 3-letter Meaning Codons Depiction

 A    Ala       Alanine      GCT,GCC,GCA,GCG         !GCX
 B    Asp,Asn   Aspartic,
                Asparagine   GAT,GAC,AAT,AAC         !RAY
     Cys       Cysteine     TGT,TGC                 !TGY
 D    Asp       Aspartic     GAT,GAC                 !GAY
 E    Glu       Glutamic     GAA,GAG                 !GAR
 F    Phe     Phenylalanine  TTT,TTC                 !TTY
 G    Gly       Glycine      GGT,GGC,GGA,GGG         !GGX
 H    His       Histidine    CAT,CAC                 !CAY
 I    Ile       Isoleucine   ATT,ATC,ATA             !ATH
 K    Lys       Lysine       AAA,AAG                 !AAR
 L    Leu       Leucine      TTG,TTA,CTT,CTC,CTA,CTG !TTR,CTX,YTR;YTX
 M    Met       Methionine   ATG                     !ATG
     Asn       Asparagine   AAT,AAC                 !AAY
 P    Pro       Proline      CCT,CCC,CCA,CCG         !CCX
 Q    Gln       Glutamine    CAA,CAG                 !CAR
 R    Arg       Arginine     CGT,CGC,CGA,CGG,AGA,AGG !CGX,AGR,MGR;MGX
 S    Ser   Serine       TCT,TCC,TCA,TCG,AGT,AGC !TCX,AGY;WSX
     Thr       Threonine    ACT,ACC,ACA,ACG         !ACX
 V    Val       Valine       GTT,GTC,GTA,GTG         !GTX
 W    Trp       Tryptophan   TGG                     !TGG
 X    Xxx       Unknown                              !XXX
 Y    Tyr       Tyrosine     TAT, TAC                !TAY
 Z    Glu,Gln   Glutamic,
                Glutamine    GAA,GAG,CAA,CAG         !SAR

2017

Amino acid Short Abbrev. Codon(s) Occurrence

in Archaean proteins

(%)&

Occurrence

in Bacteria proteins

(%)&

Occurrence

in Eukaryote proteins

(%)&

Occurrence
in human proteins
(%)&
Essential in humans
Alanine A Ala GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG 8.2 10.06 7.63 7.01 No
Cysteine C Cys UGU, UGC 0.98 0.94 1.76 2.3 Conditionally
Aspartic acid D Asp GAU, GAC 6.21 5.59 5.4 4.73 No
Glutamic acid E Glu GAA, GAG 7.69 6.15 6.42 7.09 Conditionally
Phenylalanine F Phe UUU, UUC 3.86 3.89 3.87 3.65 Yes
Glycine G Gly GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG 7.58 7.76 6.33 6.58 Conditionally
Histidine H His CAU, CAC 1.77 2.06 2.44 2.63 Yes
Isoleucine I Ile AUU, AUC, AUA 7.03 5.89 5.1 4.33 Yes
Lysine K Lys AAA, AAG 5.27 4.68 5.64 5.72 Yes
Leucine L Leu UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG 9.31 10.09 9.29 9.97 Yes
Methionine M Met AUG 2.35 2.38 2.25 2.13 Yes
Asparagine N Asn AAU, AAC 3.68 3.58 4.28 3.58 No
Pyrrolysine O Pyl UAG* 0 0 0 0 No
Proline P Pro CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG 4.26 4.61 5.41 6.31 No
Glutamine Q Gln CAA, CAG 2.38 3.58 4.21 4.77 No
Arginine R Arg CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG 5.51 5.88 5.71 5.64 Conditionally
Serine S Ser UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC 6.17 5.85 8.34 8.33 No
Threonine T Thr ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG 5.44 5.52 5.56 5.36 Yes
Selenocysteine U Sec UGA** 0 0 0 >0 No
Valine V Val GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG 7.8 7.27 6.2 5.96 Yes
Tryptophan W Trp UGG 1.03 1.27 1.24 1.22 Yes
Tyrosine Y Tyr UAU, UAC 3.35 2.94 2.87 2.66 Conditionally
Stop codon - Term UAA, UAG, UGA†† - -
* UAG is normally the amber stop codon, but encodes pyrrolysine if a PYLIS element is present.

** UGA is normally the opal (or umber) stop codon, but encodes selenocysteine if a SECIS element is present.

The stop codon is not an amino acid, but is included for completeness.

†† UAG and UGA do not always act as stop codons (see above).

An essential amino acid cannot be synthesized in humans and must, therefore, be supplied in the diet. Conditionally essential amino acids are not normally required in the diet, but must be supplied exogenously to specific populations that do not synthesize it in adequate amounts.

& Occurrence of amino acids is based on 135 Archaea, 3775 Bacteria, 614 Eukaryota proteomes and human proteome (21 006 proteins) respectively.