Autonomous Self-Driving Task

An Autonomous Self-Driving Task is a vehicular driving task that is a autonomous task (with a self-driving vehicle).

• AKA: Automated Driving.
• Context:
  • It can support operations, such as Vehicle Navigation, Vehicle Route Planning, and Vehicle Obstacle Avoidance.
  • It can range from being Simple Automated Driving to being Complex Automated Driving, depending on the range of scenarios (such as urban environments, highways, and complex traffic situations).
  • …
• Example(s):
  • Autonomous Car Driving, such as: Autonomous Car Parking.
  • Autonomous Truck Driving.
  • Autonomous Air Driving.
  • a SMARTS 2.0 Benchmark Task.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Manual Vehicle Driving (by a human operator) either directly-controlled driving or remote-controlled driving).
  • Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane Keeping Assist.
  • …
• See: Self-Driving Vehicle, Mechatronics, Sensor Fusion, Autonomous Robot.

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References

2023

• (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_vehicle Retrieved:2023-7-9.
  • Autonomous vehicle tasks refer to the various operations that a self-driving vehicle must carry out without human intervention, such as route planning, navigation, obstacle avoidance, traffic law adherence, and behavior prediction of other road users.

2023

• (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_automation#Autonomy_levels Retrieved:2023-7-9.
  • Autonomy in vehicles is often categorized in six levels: The level system was developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
    • Level 0: No automation.
    • Level 1: Driver assistance - The vehicle can control either steering or speed autonomously in specific circumstances to assist the driver.
    • Level 2: Partial automation - The vehicle can control both steering and speed autonomously in specific circumstances to assist the driver.
    • Level 3: Conditional automation - The vehicle can control both steering and speed autonomously under normal environmental conditions, but requires driver oversight.
    • Level 4: High automation - The vehicle can complete travel autonomously under normal environmental conditions, not requiring driver oversight.
    • Level 5: Full autonomy - The vehicle can complete travel autonomously in any environmental conditions.
  • Level 0 refers, for instance, to vehicles which do not have adaptive cruise control.

    Level 1 and 2 refer to vehicles where one part of the driving task is performed by the vehicle advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) under the responsibility/accountability/liability of the driver.

    From level 3, the driver can conditionally transfer the driving task to the vehicle, but the driver must take back control when the conditional automation is no longer available. For instance an automated traffic jam pilot can drive in the traffic jam but the driver should take back control when traffic jam is over.

    Level 5 refers to a vehicle which does not need any (human) driver.

    "Level 2+" or "semi-automated" is a kind of enhanced level 2 where some manufacturers are ready to provide more features than the basic features of a level 2 system, but manufacturers and regulators are not yet ready for SAE level 3. This led to the introduction of the informal notion of "enhanced level 2" or "level 2+" or "semi-automated" — a dominant ADAS trend in 2021 — which is a level 2 with additional safety and comfort. For instance, a low cost level 2+ vehicle can include interior-monitoring technologies to ensure driver attention, adaptive merging for when vehicles are entering or exiting the highway, and new kinds of enhanced automatic emergency braking (AEB) for pedestrian, cyclist and motorcyclist safety. Level 2+ can also include lane change and overtaking.

    The levels can be roughly understood as Level 0 - no automation; Level 1 - hands on/shared control; Level 2 - hands off; Level 3 - eyes off; Level 4 - mind off, and Level 5 - steering wheel optional.

    , level 3 remains a marginal portion of the market, with only one hundred level 3 Honda Legend cars available in the Japanese market. It is possible that level 3 remains a marginal portion of the market until 2025.

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