Child Laborer

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A Child Laborer is a child who is a worker who is a child.



References

2022

  • (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour Retrieved:2022-10-2.
    • Child labour refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful. Such exploitation is prohibited by legislation worldwide,[1] although these laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, and some forms of child work practiced by Amish children, as well as by indigenous children in the Americas.[2][3]

      Child labour has existed to varying extents throughout history. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many children aged 5–14 from poorer families worked in Western nations and their colonies alike. These children mainly worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining, and services such as news boys – some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child labour fell.[4]

      In the world's poorest countries, around one in four children are engaged in child labour, the highest number of whom (29 percent) live in sub-saharan Africa.[5] In 2017, four African nations (Mali, Benin, Chad and Guinea-Bissau) witnessed over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working.[5] Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour.[6] The vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economies; children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than factories.[7] Poverty and lack of schools are considered the primary cause of child labour.[8]

      Globally the incidence of child labour decreased from 25% to 10% between 1960 and 2003, according to the World Bank. [9] Nevertheless, the total number of child labourers remains high, with UNICEF and ILO acknowledging an estimated 168 million children aged 5–17 worldwide were involved in child labour in 2013.

  1. "Convention on the Rights of the Child". United Nations. Archived from the original on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
  2. "Labour laws - An Amish exception". The Economist. 5 February 2004.Larsen, P.B. Indigenous and tribal children: assessing child labour and education challenges. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), International Labour Office.
  3. "Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on child labour". EUR-Lex. 2008.
  4. Prügl, Elisabeth (1999). The Global Construction of Gender - Home based work in Political Economy of 20th Century. Columbia University Press. pp. 25–31, 50–59. ISBN 978-0231115612.
  5. 5.0 5.1 "UNICEF Data – Child Labour". UNICEF. 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  6. "Child Labour". The Economist. 20 December 2005.
  7. Eric V. Edmonds; Nina Pavcnik (Winter 2005). "Child Labour in the Global Economy" (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (1): 199–220. doi:10.1257/0895330053147895.
  8. "Child labour - causes". ILO, United Nations. 2008.
  9. Norberg, Johan (2007), Världens välfärd (Stockholm: Government Offices of Sweden), p. 58