Industrial Robot

Context:
- It can be Technological Unemployment Cause.
- It can be produced by a Robot Manufacturer, such as Fanuc America Corp. and Rethink Robotics [1]
- In 1961, the first one was installed at a GM Plant [2].
- In 2012, robot manufacturers sold 26,269 Industrial Robots in North America.
- In 2012, there were approximately 1.3 million Industrial Robots globally.
- In 2017, them may be 2 million of them globally[3]
- It can be a US Industrial Robot, Japanese Industrial Robot, German Industrial Robot, Chinese Industrial Robot, ...
Example(s):
- a Manufacturing Robot, such as a Robotic Welder.
  - a Robotic Lathe, such as a Doosan PUMA MX2100 [4]
  - a Kuka Robot.
- General Electric's Robotic Crawler wind turbine inspector [5].
- a Kiva Robot.
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- a Service Robot, such as a personal robot.
- an Robotaxi.
- a Manufacturing Worker.
See: Automated Checkout Stand, Robotized Warehouse, Robotized Factory Line, International Federation of Robotics.

References

https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/06/06/robot-baristas-working-south-korea-coffee-shops/1365217001/
- QUOTE: ... South Korea has been an early and enthusiastic adopter of automation, with the highest density of industrial robots in the world in 2017, at 710 robots per 10,000 manufacturing workers, according to the International Federation of Robotics. The global average was 85 robots per 10,000 employees …

http://www.ibtimes.com/industrial-robots-could-be-16-less-costly-employ-people-2025-1811980
- QUOTE: The average spot-welding robot used in the manufacture of durable goods like cars has dropped from $182,000 in 2005 to $133,000 last year, according to BCG. Costs of industrial robots will continue to decline over the next decade by more than 20 percent. Industrial robots in U.S. auto manufacturing are already operating at a cost roughly matching a typical U.S. fast-food line cook’s wages (barely over the federal $7.25 hourly minimum wage) after the cost of the robot is recovered. R

http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20140427/NEWS/304279955/fear-not-the-bot-as-robots-take-jobs-experts-ask-if-humans-will
- In 2012, manufacturers sold 26,269 industrial robots in North America, a figure which is expected to rise to more than 31,000 by 2016, according to data by the International Federation of Robotics. That figure is expected to rise to near 200,000 industrial robots sold in 2016 globally.
  The global population of robots exceeded 1.3 million last year, according to the IFR, and there's no sign of things slowing down.
  The automotive industry makes up about 40 percent of the global supply of industrial robots, but use is growing in other sectors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot
- QUOTE: An industrial robot is defined by ISO^[1] as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes. The field of robotics may be more practically defined as the study, design and use of robot systems for manufacturing (a top-level definition relying on the prior definition of robot).
  Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place (such as packaging, palletizing and SMT), product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.

Cecilia Kang. (2013). “New robots in the workplace: Job creators or job terminators?. In: Washington Post, March 6 2013.
- QUOTE: Sales of industrial robots rose 38 percent between 2010 and 2012 and are poised to bring in record revenue this year... “There will certainly be winners and losers,” said Ryan Calo, a professor of law at the University of Washington who focuses on robotics and public policy. “We’re talking about robots now because they are so versatile and affordable, and that will have profound effects on manufacturing, the entire supply chain and jobs.”

(Mozur & Luk, 2012) ⇒ Paul Mozur, and Lorraine Luk. (2012). “Hon Hai Hits Obstacles in Push to Use Robots.” In: Wall Street Journal, December 11, 2012.
- QUOTE: … A worker … working at the more than 200,000-employee Shenzhen Longhua plant for two years, said co-workers on a production line were transferred after robotic arms were brought in this year. 'There were about 20 to 30 people on the line before. But after they added the robots, it went down to five people, who just pushed buttons and ran the machines,' he said. The initial job was plugging components into a motherboard, he said.

http://www.therobotreport.com/index.php/industrial_robots
- QUOTE: An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications. The main customer for industrial robots – the automotive industry – is changing and diminishing. There is a worldwide trend towards automation in the “non-automotive industry”. Robot suppliers are offering increasingly tailored solutions to these customers. The metal industry, the food and beverage industry, the glass industry, the pharmaceutical and medical devices industry, and the photovoltaic industries to name a few.

(Markoff, 2012) ⇒ John Markoff. (2012). “Skilled Work, Without the Worker." New York Times, August 18, 2012.
- QUOTE: … The arms work so fast that they must be enclosed in glass cages to prevent the people supervising them from being injured. And they do it all without a coffee break — three shifts a day, 365 days a year. … This is the future. A new wave of robots, far more adept than those now commonly used by automakers and other heavy manufacturers, are replacing workers around the world in both manufacturing and distribution.