Military Occupation

A Military Occupation is a territorial control that involves the effective control of a territory by foreign military forces without sovereignty transfer.

• AKA: Belligerent Occupation, Wartime Occupation, Foreign Military Control.
• Context:
  • It can establish Military Administration over occupied territory.
  • It can implement Occupation Law through military authority.
  • It can maintain Public Order in occupied populations.
  • It can control Strategic Resources within occupied territory.
  • It can enforce Security Measures through military presence.
  • ...
  • It can often impose Movement Restrictions on civilian populations.
  • It can often establish Military Courts for occupation justice.
  • It can often regulate Economic Activity through occupation directives.
  • It can often control Information Flow via censorship systems.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Benign Military Occupation to being a Harsh Military Occupation, depending on its military occupation policy severity.
  • It can range from being a Short-term Military Occupation to being a Long-term Military Occupation, depending on its military occupation duration.
  • It can range from being a Limited Military Occupation to being a Total Military Occupation, depending on its military occupation territorial extent.
  • ...
  • It can be regulated by International Humanitarian Law under Geneva Conventions.
  • It can generate Resistance Movements among occupied populations.
  • It can require Civil Affairs Units for population management.
  • It can influence Post-occupation Political Structures through institutional changes.
  • ...
• Examples:
  • Ancient Military Occupations, such as:
    • Persian Military Occupation of Egypt (525-404 BC), establishing satrapy administration.
    • Roman Military Occupation of Gaul (58-50 BC), implementing provincial governance.
    • Byzantine Military Occupation of Italy (535-554), restoring imperial control.
    • Arab Military Occupation of Spain (711-1492), creating emirate systems.
  • Medieval Military Occupations, such as:
    • Norman Military Occupation of England (1066-1072), replacing Anglo-Saxon administration.
    • Crusader Military Occupation of Jerusalem (1099-1187), establishing Latin kingdoms.
    • Mongol Military Occupation of China (1279-1368), imposing Yuan dynasty rule.
    • English Military Occupation of France (1415-1453), controlling French territories.
  • Early Modern Military Occupations, such as:
    • Spanish Military Occupation of the Netherlands (1566-1648), enforcing Catholic authority.
    • Ottoman Military Occupation of Hungary (1541-1699), establishing pashalik administration.
    • Swedish Military Occupation of Poland (1655-1660), during Deluge period.
    • Napoleonic Military Occupation of Spain (1808-1814), installing puppet monarchy.
  • USA Military Occupations, such as:
    • USA Military Occupation of Philippines (1898-1946), following Spanish-American War.
    • USA Military Occupation of Cuba (1898-1902, 1906-1909), establishing provisional governments.
    • USA Military Occupation of Haiti (1915-1934), controlling customs revenue.
    • USA Military Occupation of Dominican Republic (1916-1924), implementing military government.
    • USA Military Occupation of Nicaragua (1912-1933), supporting conservative regimes.
    • USA Military Occupation of Germany (1945-1949), part of Allied occupation zones.
    • USA Military Occupation of Japan (1945-1952), implementing democratic reforms.
    • USA Military Occupation of South Korea (1945-1948), establishing military government.
    • USA Military Occupation of Iraq (2003-2011), attempting nation building.
  • World War Military Occupations, such as:
    • German Military Occupation of Belgium (1914-1918, 1940-1944), implementing military government.
    • Japanese Military Occupation of China (1937-1945), creating puppet states.
    • Nazi Military Occupation of Poland (1939-1945), establishing General Government.
    • Allied Military Occupation of Italy (1943-1947), supporting democratic transition.
  • Cold War Military Occupations, such as:
    • Soviet Military Occupation of Hungary (1956), suppressing revolution.
    • Warsaw Pact Military Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1968), enforcing normalization.
    • Vietnamese Military Occupation of Cambodia (1979-1989), removing Khmer Rouge.
    • Indonesian Military Occupation of East Timor (1975-1999), attempting integration.
  • Contemporary Military Occupations, such as:
    • Coalition Military Occupation of Afghanistan (2001-2021), attempting state building.
    • Israeli Military Occupation of Lebanon (1982-2000), creating security zone.
    • Ethiopian Military Occupation of Somalia (2006-2009), supporting transitional government.
    • Saudi Military Occupation of Bahrain (2011), suppressing protest movements.
  • Regional Military Occupation Patterns, such as:
    • Occupation of the Korean Peninsula, spanning multiple historical eras.
    • Military Occupation of the Baltic States, under successive regimes.
    • Military Occupation of Cyprus, involving partition.
    • Military Occupation of Kashmir, maintaining disputed control.
  • ...
• Counter-Examples:
  • Military Base Agreements, which involve consensual presence with host nation approval.
  • Peacekeeping Operations, which operate under international mandates with consent.
  • Annexation, which involves sovereignty claims rather than temporary control.
  • Civil War, which involves internal conflict without foreign occupation.
  • Failed Invasion, which lacks territorial control establishment.
  • Failed Military Coup, which involves internal power struggle without foreign control.
  • Failed Occupation Attempt, which cannot establish effective control.
• See: Occupation, International Humanitarian Law, Laws of War, Territorial Control, Military Government, Occupied Territory.

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