1972 DescriptivePredictiveandNormati

(Morgenstern, 1972) ⇒ Oskar Morgenstern. (1972). “Descriptive, Predictive and Normative Theory.” In: Kyklos, 25(4). doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb01077.x

Subject Headings: Normative Property.

Notes

The higher degree of description is reached when a field becomes amenable to the use of the axiomatic method. In economics this state has been reached only recently in the establishment of a numerical utility. In general, it is difficult to know what to describe and how to measure; both require precise concepts. Current economic descriptions lack both very often, in particular the whole area of psychological factors, decisions, etc., escape the essentially physical descriptions of economic phenomena.

Good predictions are the ultimate test of theory but also false theories often have a surprising power to predict. Thus, this matter is much more complicated than normally assumed.

Even descriptive theories can be interpreted as “normative” provided they are convincing to the user. The implied norm is often a prohibition, as for example, in the statement that one should not try to build a perpetuum mobile. If a state of society is commonly accepted which sanctions private property, then the norm follows that one ought not to steal. This is different from normative value statements that derive solely from other norms.

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	Author	volume	Date Value	title	type	journal	titleUrl	doi	note	year
1972 DescriptivePredictiveandNormati	Oskar Morgenstern			Descriptive, Predictive and Normative Theory				10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb01077.x		1972