2006 OntoNotes
- (Hovy et al., 2006) ⇒ Eduard Hovy, Mitchell Marcus, Martha Palmer, Lance Ramshaw, and Ralph Weischedel. (2006). “OntoNotes: the 90% solution.” In: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL (HLT-NAACL 2006).
Subject Headings: OntoNotes Corpus.
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Abstract
We describe the OntoNotes methodology and its result, a large multilingual richly-annotated corpus constructed at 90% interannotator agreement. An initial portion (300K words of English newswire and 250K words of Chinese newswire) will be made available to the community during 2007.
1 Introduction
Many natural language processing applications could benefit from a richer model of text meaning than the bag-of-words and n-gram models that currently predominate. Until now, however, no such model has been identified that can be annotated dependably and rapidly. We have developed a methodology for producing such a corpus at 90% inter-annotator agreement, and will release completed segments beginning in early 2007.
The OntoNotes project focuses on a domain independent representation of literal meaning that includes predicate structure, word sense, ontology linking, and coreference. Pilot studies have shown that these can all be annotated rapidly and with better than 90% consistency. Once a substantial and accurate training corpus is available, trained algorithms can be developed to predict these structures in new documents.
This process begins with parse (TreeBank) and propositional (PropBank) structures, which provide normalization over predicates and their arguments. Word sense ambiguities are then resolved, with each word sense also linked to the appropriate node in the Omega ontology. Coreference is also annotated, allowing the entity mentions that are propositional arguments to be resolved in context. Annotation will cover multiple languages (English, Chinese, and Arabic) and multiple genres (newswire, broadcast news, news groups, weblogs, etc.), to create a resource that is broadly applicable.
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| Author | volume | Date Value | title | type | journal | titleUrl | doi | note | year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 OntoNotes | Eduard Hovy Ralph Weischedel Martha Palmer Lance A. Ramshaw | OntoNotes: the 90% solution | http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/N/N06/N06-2015.pdf |