2018 GLUEAMultiTaskBenchmarkandAnaly

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Subject Headings: GLUE Benchmark; Natural Language Understanding System; Natural Language Inference System, 2018 EMNLP Workshop BlackboxNLP on Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP (BlackboxNLP@EMNLP 2018).

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Abstract

Human ability to understand language is general, flexible, and robust. In contrast, most NLU models above the word level are designed for a specific task and struggle with out-of-domain data. If we aspire to develop models with understanding beyond the detection of superficial correspondences between inputs and outputs, then it is critical to develop a unified model that can execute a range of linguistic tasks across different domains. To facilitate research in this direction, we present the General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE): a benchmark of nine diverse NLU tasks, an auxiliary dataset for probing models for understanding of specific linguistic phenomena, and an online platform for evaluating and comparing models. For some benchmark tasks, training data is plentiful, but for others it islimited or does not match the genre of the test set. GLUE thus favors models that can represent linguistic knowledge in a way that facilitates sample-efficient learning and effective knowledge-transfer across tasks. While none of the datasets in GLUE were created from scratch for the benchmark, four of them feature privately-held test data, which is used to ensure that the benchmark is used fairly. We evaluate baselines that use ELMo (Peters et al., 2018), a powerful transfer learning technique, as well as state-of-the-art sentence representation models. The best models still achieve fairly low absolute scores. Analysis with our diagnostic dataset yields similarly weak performance over all phenomena tested, with some exceptions.

References

BibTeX

@inproceedings{2018_GLUEAMultiTaskBenchmarkandAnaly,
  author    = {Alex Wang and
               [[Amanpreet Singh]] and
               Julian Michael and
               Felix Hill and
               [[Omer Levy]] and
               Samuel R. Bowman},
  editor    = {Tal Linzen and
               Grzegorz Chrupala and
               Afra Alishahi},
  title     = {GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural
               Language Understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks
               for NLP (BlackboxNLP@EMNLP 2018), Brussels, Belgium, November 1, 2018},
  pages     = {353--355},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5446},
  doi       = {10.18653/v1/w18-5446},
}

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 AuthorvolumeDate ValuetitletypejournaltitleUrldoinoteyear
2018 GLUEAMultiTaskBenchmarkandAnalyOmer Levy
Alex Wang
Amanpreet Singh
Julian Michael
Felix Hill
Samuel Bowman
GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding10.18653/v1/W18-54462018