Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855) was a person.
- Context:
- They can be a Danish Philosopher who critiqued danish state church and hegelian philosophy.
- They can have Kierkegaard Publications, such as "Either/Or".
- They can typically explore Existential Concepts such as existential despair, existential anxiety, and existential authenticity.
- They can typically examine Christian Faith through subjective approaches rather than objective systems.
- They can typically develop Philosophical Methods that emphasize individual experience over abstract speculation.
- They can often critique Systematic Philosophy for neglecting human existence and personal choice.
- They can often analyze Human Psychology through existential psychology and spiritual psychology.
- They can often employ Literary Devices such as irony, metaphor, and narrative techniques in philosophical writing.
- They can range from being a Religious Thinker to being a Proto-Existentialist, depending on its philosophical interpretation.
- They can range from being a Conservative Christian to being a Radical Critic of danish christianity, depending on its theological context.
- They can influence Existentialist Movements through kierkegaardian concepts and existential analysis.
- They can contribute to Modern Theology through kierkegaardian theology and existential christianity.
- ...
- Example(s):
- Kierkegaard in 1843, when publishing kierkegaard pseudonymous works including "Either/Or" and "Fear and Trembling".
- Kierkegaard Publications, such as:
- Kierkegaard Pseudonymous Works, such as:
- Either/Or (1843), examining aesthetic existence and ethical existence.
- Fear and Trembling (1843), exploring faith paradox and teleological suspension of the ethical.
- The Concept of Anxiety (1844), analyzing human anxiety and original sin.
- The Sickness Unto Death (1849), investigating existential despair and self-relation.
- Kierkegaard Direct Communications, such as:
- Upbuilding Discourses (1843-1844), presenting spiritual reflections on christian living.
- Works of Love (1847), examining christian love and neighbor love.
- Christian Discourses (1848), offering spiritual guidance for christian readers.
- Kierkegaard Pseudonymous Works, such as:
- Kierkegaard Philosophical Concepts, such as:
- Kierkegaard Existential Stages, such as:
- Aesthetic Stage, characterized by sensual pleasure and aesthetic enjoyment.
- Ethical Stage, focused on moral responsibility and ethical commitment.
- Religious Stage, centered on faith commitment and god relationship.
- Kierkegaard Existential Concepts, such as:
- Leap of Faith, requiring subjective commitment beyond rational justification.
- Subjective Truth, prioritizing personal appropriation over objective certainty.
- Existential Despair, resulting from identity misrelation and spiritual misalignment.
- Kierkegaard Existential Stages, such as:
- Kierkegaard Life Periods, such as:
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881), who explored existential themes through literary fiction rather than philosophical treatises.
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), who rejected christian faith while embracing existential insights.
- Franz Kafka (1883-1924), who expressed existential alienation through fictional narratives rather than direct philosophical arguments.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), who constructed systematic philosophy that kierkegaard critiqued for abstract idealism.
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), who prioritized universal moral laws over kierkegaard subjective ethics.
- Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), who developed atheistic existentialism contrary to kierkegaard christian existentialism.
- See: Novelist, Courage, Existentialism, Danish Philosophy, Christian Theology, Philosophical Authorship.
References
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard Retrieved:2014-7-8.
- Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( /ˈsɔrən ˈkɪərkəɡɑrd/ or /ˈkɪərkəɡɔr/; Template:IPA-da) (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.[1] He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology and philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking, and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment.[2] He was a fierce critic of idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, such as Swedenborg,[3] Hegel, Goethe, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel, and Hans Christian Andersen.
His theological work focuses on Christian ethics, the institution of the Church, the differences between purely objective proofs of Christianity, the infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual's subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus Christ,[4] which came through faith.[5][6] Much of his work deals with the art of Christian love. He was extremely critical of the practice of Christianity as a state religion, primarily that of the Church of Denmark. His psychological work explored the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices.[7]
Kierkegaard's early work was written under various pseudonyms which he used to present distinctive viewpoints and interact with each other in complex dialogue.[8] He assigned pseudonyms to explore particular viewpoints in-depth, which required several books in some instances, while Kierkegaard, openly or under another pseudonym, critiqued that position. He wrote many Upbuilding Discourses under his own name and dedicated them to the "single individual" who might want to discover the meaning of his works. Notably, he wrote: “Science and scholarship want to teach that becoming objective is the way. Christianity teaches that the way is to become subjective, to become a subject."[9] While scientists can learn about the world by observation, Kierkegaard emphatically denied that observation could reveal the inner workings of the spiritual world.[10]
Some of Kierkegaard's key ideas include the concept of "Truth as Subjectivity", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. Kierkegaard's writings were written in Danish and were initially limited to Scandinavia, but by the turn of the 20th century, his writings were translated into major European languages, such as French and German. By the mid-20th century, his thought exerted a substantial influence on philosophy,[11] theology,[12] and Western culture.[13]
- Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( /ˈsɔrən ˈkɪərkəɡɑrd/ or /ˈkɪərkəɡɔr/; Template:IPA-da) (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.[1] He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology and philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking, and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment.[2] He was a fierce critic of idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, such as Swedenborg,[3] Hegel, Goethe, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel, and Hans Christian Andersen.
- ↑ Swenson, David F. Something About Kierkegaard, Mercer University Press, 2000.
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ See Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses, Hong trans., p. 332ff (The Thorn in the Flesh) (arrogance)
- ↑ Point of View by Lowrie, p. 41, Practice in Christianity, Hong trans., 1991, Chapter VI, p. 233ff, Works of Love IIIA, p. 91ff
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, Hong trans., pp. 15–17, 555–610 Either/Or Vol III, pp. 14, 58, 216–217, 250 Hong
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Hong trans., 1992, p. 131
- ↑ Philosophical Fragments and Concluding Postscript both deal with objectively demonstrated Christianity. It can't be done per SK.
- ↑ Stewart, Jon. (Ed.) Kierkegaard's Influence on Philosophy, Volume 11, Tomes I-III. Ashgate, 2012.
- ↑ Stewart, Jon. (Ed.) Kierkegaard's Influence on Theology, Volume 10, Tomes I-III. Ashgate, 2012.
- ↑ Stewart, Jon. (Ed.) Kierkegaard's Influence on Literature and Criticism, Social Science, and Social-Political Thought, Volumes 12–14. Ashgate, 2012.
185?
- Søren Kierkegaard. ...
- QUOTE: It requires courage not to surrender oneself to the ingenious or compassionate counsels of despair that would induce a man to eliminate himself from the ranks of the living; but it does not follow from this that every huckster who is fattened and nourished in self-confidence has more courage than the man who yielded to despair.
1843
- Søren Kierkegaard. (1843). “Either/Or: A Fragment of Life." Translated by David F. Swenson and Lillian Marvin Swenson. Volume I. Prinecton, 1959, ISBN:0-691-01976-2
- QUOTE: I have the courage, I believe, to doubt everything; I have the courage, I believe, to fight with everything; but I have not the courage to know anything; not the courage to possess, to own anything. Most people complain that the world is so prosaic, that life is not like romance, where opportunities are always so favorable. I complain that life is not like romance, where one had hard-hearted parents and nixies and trolls to fight, and enchanted princesses to free. What are all such enemies taken together, compared with the pale, bloodless, tenacious, nocturnal shapes with which I fight, and to whom I give life and substance?