Biotechnology
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A Biotechnology is a technology that operates on biological systems.
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Genetic Engineering, Domestication, Artificial Selection, Hybrid (Biology), Cell Culture, Tissue Culture, Recombinant Gene, Immunology, Pharmaceutical, Diagnostic Tests.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biotechnology Retrieved:2021-8-16.
- Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences, such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. The term biotechnology was first used by Karl Ereky in 1919, meaning the production of products from raw materials with the aid of living organisms.
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology#Definition Retrieved:2021-8-16.
- The wide concept of biotechnology encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of the plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. The American Chemical Society defines biotechnology as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various industries to learning about the science of life and the improvement of the value of materials and organisms such as pharmaceuticals, crops, and livestock. [1] Per the European Federation of Biotechnology, biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services. Biotechnology is based on the basic biological sciences (e.g. molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, microbiology) and conversely provides methods to support and perform basic research in biology. Biotechnology is the research and development in the laboratory using bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production from any living organisms and any source of biomass by means of biochemical engineering where high value-added products could be planned (reproduced by biosynthesis, for example), forecasted, formulated, developed, manufactured, and marketed for the purpose of sustainable operations (for the return from bottomless initial investment on R & D) and gaining durable patents rights (for exclusives rights for sales, and prior to this to receive national and international approval from the results on animal experiment and human experiment, especially on the pharmaceutical branch of biotechnology to prevent any undetected side-effects or safety concerns by using the products). [2] [3] [4] The utilization of biological processes, organisms or systems to produce products that are anticipated to improve human lives is termed biotechnology. By contrast, bioengineering is generally thought of as a related field that more heavily emphasizes higher systems approaches (not necessarily the altering or using of biological materials directly) for interfacing with and utilizing living things. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of engineering and natural sciences to tissues, cells and molecules. This can be considered as the use of knowledge from working with and manipulating biology to achieve a result that can improve functions in plants and animals. [5] Relatedly, biomedical engineering is an overlapping field that often draws upon and applies biotechnology (by various definitions), especially in certain sub-fields of biomedical or chemical engineering such as tissue engineering, biopharmaceutical engineering, and genetic engineering.
- ↑ Biotechnology . Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.
- ↑ What is biotechnology?. Europabio. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.
- ↑ Key Biotechnology Indicators (December 2011). oecd.org
- ↑ Biotechnology policies – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Oecd.org. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.
- ↑ What Is Bioengineering? . Bionewsonline.com. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.
2011
- (Ruane & Sonnino, 2011) ⇒ John Ruane, and Andrea Sonnino. (2011). “Agricultural Biotechnologies in Developing Countries and their Possible Contribution to Food Security.” Journal of biotechnology 156, no. 4
- QUOTE: … animal populations to increase their yields or efficiency; diagnosis of plant or animal diseases; and vaccine development … Additionally, biotechnologyes such as molecular markers, cryopreservation and in vitro slow growth storage are extensively used for the characterisation …