Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)

An Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) is an person.

• AKA: Antonio Francesco Gramsci, Gramsci, Nino Gramsci (childhood name).
• Context:
  • It can typically develop Gramscian Hegemony Theory through cultural domination analysises and consent manufacturing studys.
  • It can typically advance Gramscian Political Theory through civil society concepts and state-society relationships.
  • It can typically create Gramscian Cultural Analysis through popular culture studys and folklore examinations.
  • It can typically formulate Gramscian Revolutionary Strategy through war of position concepts and organic intellectual theorys.
  • It can typically contribute Gramscian Marxist Innovations through base-superstructure revisions and ideological complexity recognitions.
  • It can typically be associated with Gramsci Quotes and Prison Notebooks.
  • ...
  • It can often demonstrate Gramsci Intellectual Synthesis through Marxist tradition combinations with Italian political thoughts.
  • It can often manifest Gramsci Political Commitment through communist party leaderships and fascist resistances.
  • It can often employ Gramsci Analytical Methods through historical bloc analysises and subaltern studys.
  • It can often exhibit Gramsci Educational Philosophy through critical pedagogy foundations and working-class education advocacys.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Political Activist Gramsci (1891-1937) to being a Imprisoned Theorist Gramsci (1891-1937), depending on its Gramsci life phase.
  • It can range from being a Orthodox Marxist Gramsci (1891-1937) to being a Cultural Marxist Gramsci (1891-1937), depending on its Gramsci theoretical evolution.
  • It can range from being a Regional Sardinian Gramsci (1891-1937) to being an International Theorist Gramsci (1891-1937), depending on its Gramsci intellectual scope.
  • ...
  • It can transform Marxist theory from economic determinism to cultural complexity understanding.
  • It can influence cultural studies through hegemony concept applications and ideology analysis methods.
  • It can inspire subaltern studies through marginalized group analysises and counter-hegemonic strategys.
  • It can shape critical theory through culture-power relationships and intellectual role conceptions.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Gramsci Life Periods, such as:
    • Early Life Gramsci (1891-1911), including:
      • Sardinian Childhood Gramsci (1891-1898) experiencing poverty and regional marginalization.
      • Hunchback Youth Gramsci (1898-1911) developing physical disability from childhood accident.
      • Student Gramsci (1908-1911) excelling despite economic hardships.
    • Turin Period Gramsci (1911-1922), including:
      • University Student Gramsci (1911-1915) studying linguistics and philosophy at University of Turin.
      • Socialist Journalist Gramsci (1914-1921) writing for Avanti! and L'Ordine Nuovo.
      • Factory Council Movement Leader Gramsci (1919-1920) organizing Turin worker councils.
      • Communist Party Founder Gramsci (1921) establishing Communist Party of Italy.
    • Parliamentary Period Gramsci (1922-1926), including:
      • Party Secretary Gramsci (1924-1926) leading PCI against fascist government.
      • Deputy Gramsci (1924-1926) serving in Italian Parliament.
      • Anti-Fascist Leader Gramsci (1922-1926) opposing Mussolini regime.
    • Prison Period Gramsci (1926-1937), including:
      • Arrested Gramsci (1926) detained despite parliamentary immunity.
      • Prison Notebook Author Gramsci (1929-1935) writing theoretical masterworks.
      • Ill Prisoner Gramsci (1935-1937) suffering health deterioration.
      • Death Gramsci (1937) dying from cerebral hemorrhage in prison clinic.
  • Gramsci Theoretical Contributions, such as:
    • Cultural Hegemony Theory explaining ruling class domination through cultural institutions.
    • Organic Intellectual Concept distinguishing traditional intellectuals from class-based intellectuals.
    • War of Position Strategy advocating cultural struggle in advanced capitalist societys.
    • Historic Bloc Theory analyzing class alliances and political coalitions.
    • Civil Society Analysis examining private organization roles in hegemony maintenance.
    • Subaltern Concept theorizing marginalized groups and subordinate classes.
  • Gramsci Prison Notebook Themes, such as:
    • Italian History Analysis examining Risorgimento failures and Southern Question.
    • Intellectuals and Culture Study analyzing cultural production and common sense.
    • State Theory Development distinguishing political society from civil society.
    • Philosophy of Praxis reinterpreting Marxism as practical philosophy.
    • Fordism Analysis studying American capitalism and mass production.
  • Gramsci Famous Quotes, such as:
    • "The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters" describing crisis periods.
    • "I'm a pessimist because of intelligence, but an optimist because of will" expressing revolutionary determination.
    • "Every State is a dictatorship" analyzing political power nature.
  • Gramsci Historical Impact Periods, such as:
    • Immediate Suppression Period (1937-1945) with fascist censorship of Gramsci works.
    • Post-War Discovery Period (1947-1960) publishing Prison Notebooks internationally.
    • New Left Adoption Period (1960-1980) influencing cultural Marxism and Eurocommunism.
    • Cultural Studies Foundation Period (1970-1990) shaping academic disciplines.
    • Contemporary Application Period (1990-present) applying hegemony theory to globalization analysis.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), who emphasized revolutionary vanguard rather than cultural struggle.
  • Karl Marx (1818-1883), who focused on economic base rather than cultural superstructure complexity.
  • Georg Lukács (1885-1971), who developed reification theory rather than hegemony concept.
  • Louis Althusser (1918-1990), who theorized ideological state apparatuses through structuralism rather than historicism.
  • Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), who influenced Gramsci but maintained idealist philosophy rather than materialist analysis.
  • Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919), who advocated spontaneous revolution rather than cultural preparation.
• See: Marxist Theorist, Italian Communist, Cultural Hegemony, Prison Notebooks, Civil Society, Organic Intellectual, War of Position, Subaltern Studies, Cultural Marxism, Italian Communist Party, Fascist Italy, Social Crisis, Critical Theory, Cultural Studies, Neo-Marxism, Eurocommunism, Southern Question, Philosophy of Praxis.

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References

2016

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci
  • Antonio Francesco Gramsci (Template:IPA-it, Template:Audio; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian neo-Marxist theorist and politician. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime.

    He wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis during his imprisonment. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources - not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including Italian history and nationalism, the French Revolution, Fascism, Fordism, civil society, folklore, religion and high and popular culture.

    Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how states use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies.

~1930

• Antonio Gramsci. (~1930). “Quaderni del carcere, «Ondata di materialismo» e «crisi di autorità»", volume I, quaderno 3, p. 311
  • QUOTE: … La crisi consiste appunto nel fatto che il vecchio muore e il nuovo non può nascere: in questo interregno si verificano i fenomeni morbosi piú svariati.
    ("The crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear.")

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