Beta-lactamase Enzyme
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A Beta-lactamase Enzyme is an enzyme found especially in Staphylococcal Bacteria that inactivates Penicillins by Hydrolyzing them.
- Example(s):
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P24735
- Salmonella Typhimurium http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7BL37
- PMID 2050629:“Extraction of whole cells of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli with 1 M NaCl released 8 to 13% of their total cellular polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine). This extraction did not cause significant cell lysis, release of outer membrane (OM) constituents, or leakage of periplasmic beta-lactamase”
- Counter-Example(s):
- PMID 10361306: “The similarity of the N. lactamdurans beta-lactamase to class A beta-lactamases from clinical isolates supports the hypothesis that antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria are derived from antibiotic-producing organisms . The beta-lactamase is secreted and is active against penicillins (including the biosynthetic intermediates penicillin N and isopenicillin N ), but not against cephamycin C”
- PMID 10361306: “Extraction of whole cells of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli with 1 M NaCl released 8 to 13% of their total cellular polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine). This extraction did not cause significant cell lysis, release of outer membrane (OM) constituents, or leakage of periplasmic beta-lactamase”
- See: Bacteria.
References
2009
- (Wikipedia, 2009) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamase
- Beta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins (are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase), cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem). These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam. The lactamase enzyme breaks that ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.
- Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to treat a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamases produced by gram-positive organisms are usually secreted.
- Beta-lactamase may be clinically beneficial when orally administered to preserve the natural intestinal flora during the parenteral administration of antibiotics. "This could provide protection against a broad range of nosocomial pathogens," per Dr. Usha Stiefel at the 47th annual Interscience Conference of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. [1]
- The structure of a Streptomyces [math]\displaystyle{ β }[/math] lactamase is given by 1BSG.
- Gene Ontologyhttp://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0008800&session_id=5828amigo1240506945
- Accession: GO:0008800
- Ontology: molecular function
- Synonyms
- related: beta-lactamase A, B, C
- related: beta-lactamase AME I
- related: beta-lactamase I-III
- related: neutrapen
- related: penicillinase I, II
- exact: ampicillinase activity
- exact: beta-lactam hydrolase activity
- exact: cephalosporin-beta-lactamase activity
- exact: exopenicillinase activity
- exact: penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase activity
- exact: penicillin beta-lactamase activity
- Definition
- Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid. [source: EC:3.5.2.6]----