Geomagnetic Storm
A Geomagnetic Storm is a disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field caused by solar wind and solar flares.
- Context:
- It can be caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.
- It can (typically) result in strong currents in the magnetosphere, changes in the radiation belts, and changes in the ionosphere.
- It can (often) cause problems with radio communication, satellite technology, and power grid operations.
- It can (often) result in beautiful aurora displays at high latitudes.
- …
- Example(s):
- The Carrington Event of 1859, which was the largest recorded geomagnetic storm, causing widespread disruption to telegraph systems and vivid auroras.
- The Quebec blackout in 1989, which led to widespread power outages.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- A Solar Eclipse, which is an astronomical event related to the Moon blocking the Sun, not a disturbance in the Earth's magnetosphere.
- An Asteroid Impact.
- An Earthquake,
- A Tsunami,
- A Hurricane.
- See: Solar Wind, Earth's Magnetic Field, Coronal Mass Ejection, Coronal Hole, Wolf Number, Solar Maximum, Ionosphere, Solar Proton Event, Geomagnetically Induced Current, Solar Flare, Magnetosphere, Aurora.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm Retrieved:2023-6-5.
- A geomagnetic storm, also known as a magnetic storm, is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.
The disturbance that drives the magnetic storm may be a solar coronal mass ejection (CME) or (much less severely) a co-rotating interaction region (CIR), a high-speed stream of solar wind originating from a coronal hole. [1] The frequency of geomagnetic storms increases and decreases with the sunspot cycle. During solar maximum, geomagnetic storms occur more often, with the majority driven by CMEs.
The increase in the solar wind pressure initially compresses the magnetosphere. The solar wind's magnetic field interacts with the Earth's magnetic field and transfers an increased energy into the magnetosphere. Both interactions cause an increase in plasma movement through the magnetosphere (driven by increased electric fields inside the magnetosphere) and an increase in electric current in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. During the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, electric current in the magnetosphere creates a magnetic force that pushes out the boundary between the magnetosphere and the solar wind. Several space weather phenomena tend to be associated with or are caused by a geomagnetic storm. These include solar energetic particle (SEP) events, geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), ionospheric storms and its disturbances that cause radio and radar scintillation, disruption of navigation by magnetic compass and auroral displays at much lower latitudes than normal.
The largest recorded geomagnetic storm, the Carrington Event in September 1859, took down parts of the recently created US telegraph network, starting fires and electrically shocking telegraph operators. In 1989, a geomagnetic storm energized ground induced currents that disrupted electric power distribution throughout most of Quebec[2] and caused aurorae as far south as Texas.[3]
- A geomagnetic storm, also known as a magnetic storm, is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.
- ↑ Corotating Interaction Regions, Corotating Interaction Regions Proceedings of an ISSI Workshop, 6–13 June 1998, Bern, Switzerland, Springer (2000), Hardcover, , Softcover,
- ↑ "Scientists probe northern lights from all angles". CBC. 22 October 2005.
- ↑ "Earth dodges magnetic storm". New Scientist. 24 June 1989.