Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) is a person.
- Context:
- They can be a Utilitarian.
- They can be a proponent for Survival of The Fittest.
- …
- See: Social Darwinism, Social Organism, Law of Equal Liberty, There is no Alternative.
References
2022
- (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer Retrieved:2022-12-3.
- Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, psychologist, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist famous for his hypothesis of social Darwinism. Spencer originated the expression “survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism.[1] [2]
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, literature, astronomy, biology, sociology, and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved tremendous authority, mainly in English-speaking academia. "The only other English philosopher to have achieved anything like such widespread popularity was Bertrand Russell, and that was in the 20th century."[3] Spencer was "the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century" [4] [5] but his influence declined sharply after 1900: "Who now reads Spencer?" asked Talcott Parsons in 1937. [6]
- Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, psychologist, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist famous for his hypothesis of social Darwinism. Spencer originated the expression “survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism.[1] [2]
- ↑
- ↑ Riggenbach, Jeff (24 April 2011) The Real William Graham Sumner , Mises Institute.
- ↑ Richards, Peter (4 November 2010) Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinist or Libertarian Prophet? , Mises Institute.
- ↑ Thomas Eriksen and Finn Nielsen, A History of Anthropology (2001) p. 37.
- ↑ "Spencer became the most famous philosopher of his time," says Henry L. Tischler, Introduction to Sociology (2010) p. 12.
- ↑ Talcott Parsons, The Structure of Social Action (1937; New York: Free Press, 1968), p. 3; quoting from C. Crane Brinton, English Political Thought in the Nineteenth Century (London: Benn, 1933).
1864
- (Spencer, 1864) ⇒ Herbert Spencer. (1864). "Principles of Biology."