Italy (Country)
An Italy (Country) is a country in Europe.
- Context:
- It (typically) can have an Italy Population.
- …
- Example(s):
- Italy of 2020, with population of ~60.4M.
- Italy of 1980, with population of ~56.4M.
- Italy of 1946, with population of ~46M.
- Italy of 1922, with population of ~40M.
- Italy of 1870, with population of ~27M.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Developed Country, European Union, Rome, Languages of Italy, Italian Language, Italians, Catholic Church in Italy.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Retrieved:2020-3-8.
- Italy (Template:Lang-it Template:IPA-it), officially the Italian Republic (Template:Lang-it Template:IPA-it),[1][2][3][4] is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands. Italy is located in south-central Europe,[5][6] and it is also considered a part of western Europe.[7][8] A unitary parliamentary republic with its capital in Rome, the country covers a total area of Template:Convert and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland (Campione) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea (Lampedusa). With around 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union.
Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy, the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy,[9] Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy, while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively. An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula, eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed.[10][11] Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire, whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture, governments, Christianity and the Latin script.
During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through trade, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism.[12] These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin, Aragonese and other foreign conquests of the region.[13] The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy's commercial and political power significantly waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean.[14] Centuries of rivalry and infighting between the Italian city-states, such as the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left Italy fragmented and several Italian states were conquered and further divided by multiple European powers over the centuries.
By the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power.[15] From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, namely in the north, and acquired a colonial empire,[16] while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora.[17] Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, leading to the rise of a fascist dictatorship in 1922. Participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in military defeat, economic destruction and the Italian Civil War. Following the liberation of Italy and the rise of the resistance, the country abolished the monarchy, established a democratic Republic and enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, becoming a highly developed country.[18]
Today, Italy is considered to be one of the world's most culturally and economically advanced countries, [19][20] with the world's eighth-largest economy by nominal GDP (third in the Eurozone), sixth-largest national wealth and third-largest central bank gold reserve. It ranks very highly in life expectancy, quality of life,[21] healthcare,[22] and education. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs; it is both a regional power[23][24] and a great power,[25][26] and is ranked the world's eighth most-powerful military. Italy is a founding and leading member of the European Union and a member of numerous international institutions, including the UN, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the WTO, the G7, the G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, Uniting for Consensus, the Schengen Area and many more. The country has long been a global centre of art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology, and fashion, and has greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields including cinema, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business.
- Italy (Template:Lang-it Template:IPA-it), officially the Italian Republic (Template:Lang-it Template:IPA-it),[1][2][3][4] is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands. Italy is located in south-central Europe,[5][6] and it is also considered a part of western Europe.[7][8] A unitary parliamentary republic with its capital in Rome, the country covers a total area of Template:Convert and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland (Campione) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea (Lampedusa). With around 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union.
- ↑ Search the agreements database Template:Webarchive Council of the European Union (retrieved 13 October 2013).
- ↑ Italy: The World Factbook Template:Webarchive Central Intelligence Agency (retrieved 13 October 2013).
- ↑ "Country names". Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110519211212/http://www.pcgn.org.uk/Country_names.htm.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ "UNSD — Methodology". https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/.
- ↑ "Italy - Facts, Geography, & History". https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
- ↑ "UNITED NATIONS DGACM". https://www.un.org/Depts/DGACM/RegionalGroups.shtml.
- ↑ Italy is often grouped in Western Europe. Academic works describing Italy as a Western European country:Template:Bulleted list
- ↑ Carl Waldman; Catherine Mason (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. p. 586. ISBN 978-1-4381-2918-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=kfv6HKXErqAC. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
- ↑ Lazenby, John Francis (4 February 1998). Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8061-3004-0. https://archive.org/details/hannibalswarmili00laze. "Italy homeland of the Romans."
- ↑ Maddison, Angus (20 September 2007). Contours of the World Economy 1-2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-922721-1. https://books.google.com/?id=ItsTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=italy+metropole+roman+empire.
- ↑ Sée, Henri. "Modern Capitalism Its Origin and Evolution". University of Rennes. Batoche Books. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131007010542/http://www.efm.bris.ac.uk/het/see/ModernCapitalism.pdf. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ↑ Jepson, Tim (2012). [[[:Template:Google books]] National Geographic Traveler: Italy]. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-4262-0861-4. Template:Google books.
- ↑ Bouchard, Norma; Ferme, Valerio (2013). [[[:Template:Google books]] Italy and the Mediterranean: Words, Sounds, and Images of the Post-Cold War Era]. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-34346-8. Template:Google books. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
- ↑ "Unification of Italy". Library.thinkquest.org. 4 April 2003. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090307050237/http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312582/unification.html. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ↑ "The Italian Colonial Empire". All Empires. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120224012449/http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=italian_colonial. Retrieved 17 June 2012. "At its peak, just before WWII, the Italian Empire comprehended the territories of present time Italy, Albania, Rhodes, Dodecanese, Libya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, the majority of Somalia and the little concession of Tientsin in China"
- ↑ Jon Rynn. "WHAT IS A GREAT POWER?". Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170428053310/http://globalmakeover.com/sites/economicreconstruction.com/static/JonRynn/FirstChapterDissertation.pdf. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ↑ "IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p. 148". Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160421023851/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/pdf/text.pdf.
- ↑ CIA (2008). "Appendix B. International Organizations and Groups". World Factbook. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080409033504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
- ↑ Country and Lending Groups. Template:Webarchive World Bank. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ The Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index Template:Webarchive, Economist, 2005
- ↑ "The World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems". Photius.com. http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
- ↑ Gabriele Abbondanza, Italy as a Regional Power: the African Context from National Unification to the Present Day (Rome: Aracne, 2016)
- ↑ "Operation Alba may be considered one of the most important instances in which Italy has acted as a regional power, taking the lead in executing a technically and politically coherent and determined strategy." See Federiga Bindi, Italy and the European Union (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2011), p. 171.
- ↑ [[[:Template:Google books]] Canada Among Nations, 2004: Setting Priorities Straight]. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. 17 January 2005. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7735-2836-9. Template:Google books. Retrieved 13 June 2016. ("The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers")
- ↑ Sterio, Milena (2013). The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. xii (preface). ISBN 978-0-415-66818-7. https://books.google.com/?id=-QuI6n_OVMYC&printsec=frontcover&q=The%20Right%20to%20Self-determination%20Under%20International%20Law%3A%20%22selfistans%22%2C%20Secession%20and%20the%20Rule%20of%20the%20Great%20Powers. Retrieved 13 June 2016. ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")