Personal Computer Invention
A Personal Computer Invention is a Technological Invention of a personal computer.
- See: Apple IIe, IBM PC, Xerox Parc, PET 2001, TRS-80, Commodore 32, ZX-81.
References
2013
- (Wikipedia, 2013) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_personal_computers#computers Retrieved:2013-11-30.
- The 'history of personal computer as mass-market consumer electronic devices effectively began in 1977 with the introduction of microcomputers, although some mainframe and maincomputers had been applied as single-user systems much earlier. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers â generally called microcomputersâ were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.
Six years later a manufacturer took the risk of referring to their product this way, when Hewlett-Packard advertised their "Powerful Computing Genie" as "The New Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer". [1] This advertisement was deemed too extreme for the target audience and replaced with a much drier ad for the HP 9100A programmable calculator. [2] [3]
Over the next seven years the phrase had gained enough recognition that when Byte magazine published its first edition, it referred to its readers as "[in] the personal computing field", [4] and Creative Computing defined the personal computer as a "non-(time)shared system containing sufficient processing power and storage capabilities to satisfy the needs of an individual user." [5] Two years later, when what Byte was to call the "1977 Trinity" of pre-assembled small computers hit the markets, [6] the Apple II and the PET 2001 were advertised as personal computers, [7] [8] while the TRS-80 was a described as a microcomputer used for household tasks including "personal financial management". By 1979 over half a million microcomputers were sold and the youth of the day had a new concept of the personal computer. [9]
- The 'history of personal computer as mass-market consumer electronic devices effectively began in 1977 with the introduction of microcomputers, although some mainframe and maincomputers had been applied as single-user systems much earlier. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers â generally called microcomputersâ were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.
- ↑ (PDF) 9100A desktop calculator, 1968. Hewlett-Packard
.
. http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/histnfacts/museum/personalsystems/0021/other/0021ad.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13
.
- ↑ Hewlett-Packard (October 25, 1966
). "Restoring the Balance between Analysis and Computation" (PDF
). Science Magazine
169
(3852
): 409
. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/issue_pdf/frontmatter_pdf/162/3852.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13
.
- ↑ Shapiro, F.R.; Shapiro
, F.R.
(December
2000
). "Annals of the History of Computing". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
(IEEE Journal
) 22
(4
): 70â71
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑
(September 1995
). "Most Important Companies". Byte
. http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art15.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
- ↑ "Birth of an Industry 1976â77". Apple Computer Inc. advertisements
. Kelley Advertising and Marketing
.
. http://www.kelleyad.com/histry.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-14. "Introducing Apple II. You've just run out of excuses for not owning a personal computer.
"
- ↑
(
). "Oldest Known Commodore PET Brochure".
.
. http://www.commodore.ca/history/company/PET_Brochure/oldest_pet_brochure.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- ↑ Template:Cite news