Yogyakarta (1755-present)

A Yogyakarta (1755-present) is a Southeast Asian city on the island of Java located at 7.7956° S and 110.3695° E.

• AKA: Jogjakarta, Jogja, Yogya, Special Region of Yogyakarta, DIY (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta).
• Context:
  • It can (typically) have a Yogyakarta (1755-present) Population (with ethnicities including Javanese, Chinese Indonesians, Arab Indonesians, and various Indonesian ethnic groups).
  • It can (typically) be influenced by Mount Merapi and the Opak River.
  • It can (often) maintain Traditional Javanese Architecture in its kraton, water castles, and heritage buildings.
  • It can (often) showcase Javanese Court Culture through wayang performances, gamelan music, batik production, and traditional ceremonies.
  • ...
  • It can serve as a Special Administrative Region under the Yogyakarta Sultanate within Indonesia.
  • It can feature Cultural Heritage Sites including Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and Kraton Yogyakarta (within proximity).
  • It can include Yogyakarta (1755-present) Historic Districts such as Malioboro, Kotagede, Kraton Complex, and Taman Sari.
  • It can function as an Indonesian Educational Center with Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta State University, and numerous other universities (after 1946).
  • It can experience Natural Disaster Risks including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and associated hazards.
  • It can serve as Indonesia's center for traditional arts, cultural preservation, education, and tourism.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Yogyakarta (1755), when established through Treaty of Giyanti dividing Mataram Sultanate.
  • Yogyakarta (1812), during British interregnum and Raffles administration.
  • Yogyakarta (1825-1830), during Java War led by Prince Diponegoro.
  • Yogyakarta (1946-1949), serving as Indonesian capital during independence struggle.
  • Yogyakarta (1953), gaining Special Region status recognizing Sultan's role.
  • Yogyakarta (2006), experiencing devastating 6.3 magnitude earthquake.
  • Yogyakarta (2010), during major Mount Merapi eruption.
  • Yogyakarta (2012), receiving UNESCO designation for batik heritage.
  • Yogyakarta (2020), during COVID-19 pandemic affecting tourism sector.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Surakarta, the other Javanese court city with rival sultanate.
  • Jakarta, Indonesia's capital with modern urban character.
  • Bandung, West Java's educational city without sultanate system.
  • Denpasar, Bali's cultural center with Hindu influence.
  • Semarang, Central Java's provincial capital with port city character.
• See: Javanese Culture, Indonesian City, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Sultan Hamengkubuwono, Malioboro Street, Batik, Gadjah Mada University, Borobudur, Prambanan.

---