Electric Power Transmission System

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An Electric Power Transmission System is an power transmission system for transport electrical energy from electricity generation sources to electricity consumers.



References

2023

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    • The early history of electric power transmission dates back to the late 19th century, when electricity began to be generated and transmitted over long distances using high voltage direct current (DC) systems. One of the earliest examples of electric power transmission was the Pearl Street DC Station-based System, which was installed in Manhattan in 1882 and used a DC generator to power streetlights and businesses.

      In the early years of electric power transmission, safety concerns were a major issue. The high voltages used in the transmission lines posed a significant risk of electric shock and fire, and many early transmission systems were plagued by accidents and outages. For example, the Lauffen-Frankfurt high-voltage direct current (HVDC) System, which was installed in Germany in 1891, suffered a catastrophic failure in 1893 when a lightning strike caused a short circuit that destroyed the entire system.

      To address these safety concerns, engineers and regulators began to develop standards and regulations for electric power transmission systems. In the United States, the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) was first published in 1914, and provided guidelines for the safe installation and operation of electric power transmission and distribution systems. Similarly, in Europe, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) developed safety standards for electric power systems.

      Today, electric power transmission systems are designed and operated with safety as a top priority, and a wide range of safety measures are in place to protect workers, the public, and the environment. These measures include insulation and protective equipment for workers, automated systems for monitoring and controlling the flow of electricity, and regular maintenance and testing to ensure the safe operation of the system.

2023

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    • Electric power transmission systems are the networks and infrastructure used to transport electrical energy from power generation sources to end-users, such as homes, businesses, and industries.

      Some of the first electric power transmission systems in operation worldwide include:

      • The Pearl Street Station: The first commercial central power plant in the United States, located in New York City, began operation in 1882. It used direct current (DC) generators to power a network of underground wires and supplied electricity to streetlights and several commercial and residential customers in the area.
      • The Lauffen-Frankfurt high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system: This system, constructed in Germany in 1891, transmitted DC power over a distance of 175 kilometers (109 miles) from a hydroelectric power station to Frankfurt. It used mercury arc rectifiers to convert AC power to DC power for transmission.
      • The Niagara Falls Power Project: This hydroelectric power plant, located in Niagara Falls, New York, began operation in 1896 and was the first power plant to generate alternating current (AC) electricity on a large scale. It transmitted electricity over a long distance (about 25 miles) to the city of Buffalo, demonstrating the feasibility of long-distance AC power transmission.
    • Today, electric power transmission systems are critical infrastructure for providing reliable and affordable electricity to communities worldwide. Modern transmission systems use advanced technologies such as HVDC, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), and digital communication systems to ensure efficient and reliable power delivery.

2023


2023

  • https://theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/07/us-government-artificial-intelligence-robert-reich
    • QUOTE: ... One of Hoover’s great achievements a century ago, largely unrecognized and unremembered today, was managing the development of a new and crucial technology in the public interest.

      That new technology was electricity. Thomas Edison and other entrepreneurs and the corporations they spawned were busily promoting all manner of electric gadgets.

      Those gadgets had the potential to make life easier for millions of people. But they could also pose grave dangers. They could destroy buildings, and injure or kill people.

      Hoover set out to ensure that the infrastructure for electricity – wires, plugs, connectors, fuses, voltage and all else – was safe and reliable. And that it conformed to uniform standards so products were compatible with one another.

      He created these standards for safety, reliability and compatibility by convening groups of engineers, scientists, academics, experts and sometimes even journalists and philosophers – and asking them to balance public and private interests. He then worked with the producers of electric gadgets to implement those standards.

      Importantly, the standards were non-proprietary. No one could own them. No one could charge for their use. They were, to use the parlance of today, “open source”. ...