High-level Programming Language: Difference between revisions

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=== 2013 ===
=== 2013 ===
* (Wikipedia, 2013) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language Retrieved:2013-11-29.
* (Wikipedia, 2013) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language Retrieved:2013-11-29.
** In [[computer science]], a '''high-level programming language</B> is a [[programming language]] with strong [[Abstraction (computer science)|abstraction]] from the details of the [[computer]]. In comparison to [[low-level programming language]]s, it may use [[natural language]] elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable relative to a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how "high-level" a programming language is. <ref> [http://www.ittc.ku.edu/hybridthreads/glossary/index.php HThreads - RD Glossary] </ref> Examples of high-level programming languages include [[Java]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]].        <P>             The first high-level programming language designed for computers was [[Plankalkül]], created by [[Konrad Zuse]]. <ref> Giloi, Wolfgang, K. ([[1997]]). “Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level "non von Neumann" Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp.&nbsp;17â24, April-June, 1997. [http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/85.586068 (abstract)] </ref> However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments (it influenced [[Heinz Rutishauser]]'s language "Superplan").        <P>             In the 1960s, high-level programming languages using a [[compiler]] were commonly called <B>[[autocode]]s</B>.<ref name=kleith>{{cite book|last=London|first=Keith|title=Introduction to Computers|year=1968|publisher=Faber and Faber Limited|location=24 Russell Square London WC1|isbn=571085938|page=184|chapter=4, Programming|quote=The 'high' level programming languages are often called autocodes and the processor program, a compiler.|ignore-isbn-error=true}} </ref>        <P>        Examples of autocodes are [[COBOL]] and [[Fortran]].<ref name=kleith2>{{cite book|last=London|first=Keith|title=Introduction to Computers|year=1968|publisher=Faber and Faber Limited|location=24 Russell Square London WC1|isbn=571085938|page=186|chapter=4, Programming|quote=Two high level programming languages which can be used here as examples to illustrate the structure and purpose of autocodes are COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formular Translation).|ignore-isbn-error=true}} </ref>
** In [[computer science]], a '''high-level programming language</B> is a [[programming language]] with strong [[Abstraction (computer science)|abstraction]] from the details of the [[computer]]. In comparison to [[low-level programming language]]s, it may use [[natural language]] elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable relative to a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how "high-level" a programming language is. <ref> [http://www.ittc.ku.edu/hybridthreads/glossary/index.php HThreads - RD Glossary] </ref> Examples of high-level programming languages include [[Java]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]].        <P> The first high-level programming language designed for computers was [[Plankalkül]], created by [[Konrad Zuse]]. <ref> Giloi, Wolfgang, K. ([[1997]]). “Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level "non von Neumann" Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp.&nbsp;17â24, April-June, 1997. [http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/85.586068 (abstract)] </ref> However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments (it influenced [[Heinz Rutishauser]]'s language "Superplan").        <P> In the 1960s, high-level programming languages using a [[compiler]] were commonly called <B>[[autocode]]s</B>.<ref name=kleith>{{cite book|last=London|first=Keith|title=Introduction to Computers|year=1968|publisher=Faber and Faber Limited|location=24 Russell Square London WC1|isbn=571085938|page=184|chapter=4, Programming|quote=The 'high' level programming languages are often called autocodes and the processor program, a compiler.|ignore-isbn-error=true}} </ref>        <P>        Examples of autocodes are [[COBOL]] and [[Fortran]].<ref name=kleith2>{{cite book|last=London|first=Keith|title=Introduction to Computers|year=1968|publisher=Faber and Faber Limited|location=24 Russell Square London WC1|isbn=571085938|page=186|chapter=4, Programming|quote=Two high level programming languages which can be used here as examples to illustrate the structure and purpose of autocodes are COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formular Translation).|ignore-isbn-error=true}} </ref>
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Latest revision as of 18:19, 2 June 2024

A High-level Programming Language is a programming language whose language operations are abstract and they are not necessarily bound to some specific computer architecture.

References

2013

  1. ↑ HThreads - RD Glossary
  2. ↑ Giloi, Wolfgang, K. (1997). “Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level "non von Neumann" Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 17â24, April-June, 1997. (abstract)
  3. ↑ London, Keith (1968). "4, Programming". Introduction to Computers. 24 Russell Square London WC1: Faber and Faber Limited. p. 184. ISBN 571085938. "The 'high' level programming languages are often called autocodes and the processor program, a compiler." 
  4. ↑ London, Keith (1968). "4, Programming". Introduction to Computers. 24 Russell Square London WC1: Faber and Faber Limited. p. 186. ISBN 571085938. "Two high level programming languages which can be used here as examples to illustrate the structure and purpose of autocodes are COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formular Translation)." 

1977

  • (Schmidt, 1977) ⇒ Joachim W. Schmidt. (1977). “Some high level language constructs for data of type relation.” In: ACM Trans. Database Syst. 2(3). doi:10.1145/320557.320568
  • (Hammer et al., 1977) ⇒ Michael Hammer, W. Gerry Howe, Vincent J. Kruskal, and Irving Wladawsky. (1977). “A very high level programming language for data processing applications.” In: Commun. ACM 20(11). doi:10.1145/359863.359886
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