Peripheral Nervous System: Difference between revisions

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A [[Peripheral Nervous System]] is a [[Nervous System]] that ...
#REDIRECT [[Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)]]
* <B>AKA:</B> [[PNS]].
* <B>Example(s):</B>
** [[Somatic Nervous System]].
* <B>See:</B> [[Parasympathetic Nervous System]], [[Ganglia]], [[Brain]], [[Spinal Cord]], [[Central Nervous System]], [[Bone]], [[Blood–Brain Barrier]], [[Toxin]], [[Somatic Nervous System]], [[Autonomic Nervous System]], [[Cranial Nerve]].
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== References ==
 
=== 2016 ===
* (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peripheral_nervous_system Retrieved:2016-7-22.
** The '''peripheral nervous system''' ('''PNS''') is the part of the [[nervous system]] that consists of the nerves and [[ganglia]] on the outside of the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].  The main function of the PNS is to connect the [[central nervous system]] (CNS) to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a communication relay going back and forth between the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body.  Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the [[bone]] of spine and skull, or by the [[blood–brain barrier]], which leaves it exposed to [[toxin]]s and mechanical injuries. The peripheral nervous system is mainly divided into the [[somatic nervous system]] and the [[autonomic nervous system]]. In the somatic nervous system, the [[cranial nerve]]s are part of the PNS with the exception of cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, along with the retina. The second cranial nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon. <ref> Board Review Series: Neuroanatomy, 4th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Maryland 2008, p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7817-7245-7. </ref> Cranial nerve ganglia originate in the CNS. However, the remaining ten cranial nerve [[axons]] extend beyond the brain and are therefore considered part of the PNS.<ref name="White2008"></ref> The Autonomic nervous system is an involuntary control of smooth muscle.<ref name=":0" /> The connection between CNS and organs allows the system to be in two different functional states: [[Sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] and [[Parasympathetic nervous system|parasympathetic]].
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[[Category:Concept]]
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