Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827): Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
** '''Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace''' (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French [[scholar]] and [[polymath]] whose work was important to the development of [[engineering]], [[mathematics]], [[statistics]], [[physics]], [[astronomy]], and [[philosophy]]. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume [[Traité de mécanique céleste|''Mécanique céleste'']] (''Celestial Mechanics'') (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of [[classical mechanics]] to one based on [[calculus]], opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the [[Bayesian probability|Bayesian interpretation]] of probability was developed mainly by Laplace. <ref> Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). ''The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900''. Harvard University Press, Chapter 3. </ref> Laplace formulated [[Laplace's equation]], and pioneered the [[Laplace transform]] which appears in many branches of [[mathematical physics]], a field that he took a leading role in forming. The [[Laplace operator|Laplacian differential operator]], widely used in mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and developed the [[nebular hypothesis]] of the [[origin of the Solar System]] and was one of the first scientists to suggest an idea similar to that of a [[black hole]], with [[Stephen Hawking]] stating that "Laplace essentially predicted the existence of black holes".<ref name="HE73p364" /> Laplace is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Sometimes referred to as the ''French [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]'' or ''Newton of France'', he has been described as possessing a phenomenal natural mathematical faculty superior to that of almost all of his contemporaries.<ref name="eb1911"></ref> He was Napoleon's examiner when [[Napoleon]] graduated from the ''[[École Militaire]]'' in Paris in 1785. Laplace became a count of the [[First French Empire|Empire]] in 1806 and was named a [[marquess|marquis]] in 1817, after the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]. | ** '''Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace''' (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French [[scholar]] and [[polymath]] whose work was important to the development of [[engineering]], [[mathematics]], [[statistics]], [[physics]], [[astronomy]], and [[philosophy]]. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume [[Traité de mécanique céleste|''Mécanique céleste'']] (''Celestial Mechanics'') (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of [[classical mechanics]] to one based on [[calculus]], opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the [[Bayesian probability|Bayesian interpretation]] of probability was developed mainly by Laplace. <ref> Stigler, Stephen M. (1986). ''The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900''. Harvard University Press, Chapter 3. </ref> Laplace formulated [[Laplace's equation]], and pioneered the [[Laplace transform]] which appears in many branches of [[mathematical physics]], a field that he took a leading role in forming. The [[Laplace operator|Laplacian differential operator]], widely used in mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and developed the [[nebular hypothesis]] of the [[origin of the Solar System]] and was one of the first scientists to suggest an idea similar to that of a [[black hole]], with [[Stephen Hawking]] stating that "Laplace essentially predicted the existence of black holes".<ref name="HE73p364" /> Laplace is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Sometimes referred to as the ''French [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]'' or ''Newton of France'', he has been described as possessing a phenomenal natural mathematical faculty superior to that of almost all of his contemporaries.<ref name="eb1911"></ref> He was Napoleon's examiner when [[Napoleon]] graduated from the ''[[École Militaire]]'' in Paris in 1785. Laplace became a count of the [[First French Empire|Empire]] in 1806 and was named a [[marquess|marquis]] in 1817, after the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]. | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
=== 1785 === | |||
* ([[Laplace, 1785]]) ⇒ [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]]. ([[1785]]). "Mécanique Céleste.” In: French Academy of Sciences. | |||
** It outlines the foundational theories in celestial mechanics and introduces mathematical techniques to predict celestial orbits. | |||
=== 1812 === | |||
* ([[Laplace, 1812]]) ⇒ [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]]. ([[1812]]). "Théorie Analytique des Probabilités.” In: French Academy of Sciences. | |||
** It significantly contributed to the development of probability theory, laying the groundwork for what would later evolve into modern statistical science. | |||
---- | ---- | ||
[[Category:Person]] | [[Category:Person]] | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
Revision as of 05:18, 18 April 2024
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827) is a person.
- Context:
- They can (typically) be found in discussions of Classical Mechanics and Celestial Mechanics where his equations helped predict the motion of celestial bodies.
- They can (often) be associated with the development of Probability Theory, where his theories laid the groundwork for the modern understanding of probabilities and statistics.
- They can range from being a historical figure in the Enlightenment era of science to being a pivotal contributor in the field of Determinism.
- They can be found in physics as Laplace's Demon, a concept that deals with causal determinism in the universe.
- They can be linked to various mathematical concepts like Laplace Transform and Laplace Operator in mathematical analysis.
- ...
- Example(s):
- Laplace, 1776, when admitted to the French Academy of Sciences, marked a pivotal year as it recognized his early work in celestial mechanics.
- Laplace, 1785, when they published the first volume of his five-volume series "Mécanique Céleste," which significantly advanced the field of celestial mechanics.
- Laplace, 1812, when they introduced a seminal work in the form of "Théorie Analytique des Probabilités," which played a crucial role in the development of statistical and probability theory.
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- Leonhard Euler, who, although a contemporary in the field of mathematics and physics, developed distinct theories and methods that influenced other areas of mathematics.
- ...
- See: Laplace Approximation, Laplace Expansion, Jean d'Alembert, Christophe Gadbled, Siméon Denis Poisson.
References
2024
- (Wikipedia, 2024) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace Retrieved:2024-4-18.
- Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume Mécanique céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799–1825). This work translated the geometric study of classical mechanics to one based on calculus, opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the Bayesian interpretation of probability was developed mainly by Laplace. [1] Laplace formulated Laplace's equation, and pioneered the Laplace transform which appears in many branches of mathematical physics, a field that he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, widely used in mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and developed the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the Solar System and was one of the first scientists to suggest an idea similar to that of a black hole, with Stephen Hawking stating that "Laplace essentially predicted the existence of black holes".[2] Laplace is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Sometimes referred to as the French Newton or Newton of France, he has been described as possessing a phenomenal natural mathematical faculty superior to that of almost all of his contemporaries.[3] He was Napoleon's examiner when Napoleon graduated from the École Militaire in Paris in 1785. Laplace became a count of the Empire in 1806 and was named a marquis in 1817, after the Bourbon Restoration.
1785
- (Laplace, 1785) ⇒ Pierre-Simon Laplace. (1785). "Mécanique Céleste.” In: French Academy of Sciences.
- It outlines the foundational theories in celestial mechanics and introduces mathematical techniques to predict celestial orbits.
1812
- (Laplace, 1812) ⇒ Pierre-Simon Laplace. (1812). "Théorie Analytique des Probabilités.” In: French Academy of Sciences.
- It significantly contributed to the development of probability theory, laying the groundwork for what would later evolve into modern statistical science.