Innovation System
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An Innovation System is a sociotechnical system that generates technological advancement and knowledge creation through interconnected networks of institutions, organizations, and actors engaged in research, development, and diffusion.
- AKA: System of Innovation, Innovation Ecosystem, Innovation Network.
- Context:
- It can typically generate Innovation System Knowledge through research activities and innovation system development processes.
- It can typically facilitate Innovation System Diffusion via innovation system technology transfer and innovation system commercialization.
- It can typically mobilize Innovation System Resources including innovation system human capital and innovation system financial investment.
- It can typically create Innovation System Capabilities through innovation system learning processes and innovation system competence building.
- It can typically establish Innovation System Linkages among innovation system actors via innovation system collaboration and innovation system knowledge flows.
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- It can often develop Innovation System Specialization in innovation system specific sectors or innovation system technology domains.
- It can often experience Innovation System Evolution through innovation system institutional change and innovation system capability upgrades.
- It can often produce Innovation System Spillovers via innovation system knowledge diffusion and innovation system technology adoption.
- It can often face Innovation System Barriers including innovation system resource constraints and institutional rigidities.
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- It can range from being a Linear Innovation System to being a Complex Innovation System, depending on its innovation system interaction pattern.
- It can range from being a Closed Innovation System to being an Open Innovation System, depending on its innovation system collaboration model.
- It can range from being a Science-Based Innovation System to being a Practice-Based Innovation System, depending on its innovation system knowledge source.
- It can range from being a Centralized Innovation System to being a Distributed Innovation System, depending on its innovation system governance structure.
- It can range from being a Radical Innovation System to being an Incremental Innovation System, depending on its innovation system novelty level.
- It can range from being a Public Innovation System to being a Private Innovation System, depending on its innovation system ownership structure.
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- It can interact with Economic Systems through innovation system productivity growth and innovation system competitiveness enhancement.
- It can influence Industrial Development via technological capabilities and innovation system market creation.
- It can shape Social Development through innovation system problem solving and innovation system quality of life improvements.
- It can affect Environmental Sustainability via innovation system green technology and innovation system resource efficiency.
- It can determine International Competitiveness through innovation system technological leadership and innovation system market position.
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- Example(s):
- National Innovation Systems, such as:
- Chinese Innovation System, combining state guidance with scale advantages.
- U.S. Innovation System, driven by venture capital and entrepreneurship.
- German Innovation System, emphasizing incremental innovation in manufacturing.
- Israeli Innovation System, focusing on defense technology and startups.
- Regional Innovation Systems, such as:
- Silicon Valley Innovation System, creating technology clusters through network effects.
- Shenzhen Innovation System, developing hardware ecosystems via supply chain integration.
- Cambridge Innovation System, linking university research with technology commercialization.
- Sectoral Innovation Systems, such as:
- Pharmaceutical Innovation System, requiring long development cycles and regulatory approvals.
- Software Innovation System, enabling rapid iteration and platform development.
- Automotive Innovation System, integrating multiple technologys in complex products.
- Technological Innovation Systems, such as:
- AI Innovation System, advancing machine learning through data and computation.
- Renewable Energy Innovation System, developing clean technology via policy support.
- Biotechnology Innovation System, combining scientific research with commercial application.
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- National Innovation Systems, such as:
- Counter-Example(s):
- Production System, which focuses on manufacturing rather than innovation creation.
- Education System, which emphasizes knowledge transmission rather than knowledge generation.
- Regulatory System, which controls activity rather than promoting innovation.
- Distribution System, which handles logistics rather than technology development.
- See: National Innovation System, Research and Development, Technology Transfer, Knowledge Economy, Innovation Policy, Triple Helix Model, Innovation Cluster, Technological Change.