War Period
A War Period is an armed conflict between communities.
- Context:
- It can (typically) have a War End State.
- It can (typically) involve Violence, Social Disruption and Economic Destruction.
- It can (typically) involve a Declaration of War.
- It can range from an Inter-Nation War to being an Intra-Nation War(civil war).
- It can range from being a Short War to being a Median-Duration War to being a Long War (perpetual war).
- It can range from being a War of Aggression, a Civil War, ...
- ...
- Example(s):
- Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).
- American Civil War (1861-1865).
- World War I (1914-1918).
- World War II (1939-1945).
- Korean War (1950-1953).
- American/Vietnam War (1955-1975).
- Bangladesh Liberation War (1971).
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, that ended the atrocities in the former East Pakistan.
- Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia (1977-1991), that terminated Khmer Rouge crimes as they were peaking.
- Iraq War II (2003-2011), that killed hundreds of thousands of Iraqi civilians [1].
- Russo-Ukrainian War (2014-).
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- Peace Period, which requires active diplomacy.
- a War Game.
- See: Peace Treaty, Arms Treaty, Just War, Right of Self-Defence, Perpetual War, Credible Threat of Force, Great Power Policy, Soft Power.
References
2022
- (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/war Retrieved:2022-7-24.
- War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. While some war studies scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, [1] others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic or ecological circumstances.
2013
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War
- War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. It is generally characterised by extreme violence, social disruption, and economic destruction.[2][3] War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. [4] The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called peace.
In 2003, Nobel Laureate Richard E. Smalley identified war as the sixth (of ten) biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years.[5] In the 1832 treatise On War, Prussian military general and theoretician Carl von Clausewitz defined war as follows: "War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will."[6]
While some scholars see warfare as an inescapable and integral aspect of human nature, others argue that it is only inevitable under certain socio-cultural or ecological circumstances. Some scholars argue that the practice of war is not linked to any single type of political organization or society. Rather, as discussed by John Keegan in his History of Warfare, war is a universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by the society that wages it.[7] Another argument suggests that since there are human societies in which warfare does not exist, humans may not be naturally disposed for warfare, which emerges under particular circumstances.[8]
The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, with 60–85 million deaths.[9][10] Proportionally speaking, the most destructive war in modern history has been claimed to be the War of the Triple Alliance, which took the lives of over 60% of Paraguay's population.[11]
- War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. It is generally characterised by extreme violence, social disruption, and economic destruction.[2][3] War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. [4] The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called peace.
- ↑ Šmihula, Daniel (2013): The Use of Force in International Relations, p. 67, .
- ↑ "American Heritage Dictionary: War". Thefreedictionary.com. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/War. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ↑ "Merriam Webster's Dictionary: War". Merriam-Webster. 13 August 2010. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/war. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ↑ "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy". http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/.
- ↑ Smalley, Richard E. (2008). "Smalley Institute Grand Challenges". Rice University. http://cnst.rice.edu/content.aspx?id=246. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ Clausewitz, Carl von (1984) [1832]. Howard, Michael; Paret, Peter. eds. On War [Vom Krieg] (Indexed ed.). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-691-01854-6. Italics in original.
- ↑ Keegan, John, (1901) A History of Warfare, (Pimlico)
- ↑ Societies at Peace (Howell and Willis 1989)
- ↑ Wallinsky, David: David Wallechinsky's Twentieth Century: History With the Boring Parts Left Out, Little Brown & Co., 1996, ISBN 0-316-92056-8, ISBN 978-0-316-92056-8 – cited by White
- ↑ Brzezinski, Zbigniew: Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century, Prentice Hall & IBD, 1994, ASIN B000O8PVJI – cited by White
- ↑ Steven Pinker, Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, Penguin (Oct 4 2011).