Minor Premise

A Minor Premise is a premise that contains a minor term in a syllogistic argument.

• Context:
  • It is usually a specific statement.
• Examples:
  • All men are mortal (major premise). Socrates is a man (minor premise). Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion)
  • B always comes after A (major premise). C comes after B (minor premise). Therefore, C comes after A (conclusion).
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Major Premise,
  • Conclusion.
• See: Syllogism, Inference, Logical Argument, Deductive Reasoning, Logical Consequence, Proposition, Aristotle, Socrates.

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References

2018a

• (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism Retrieved:2018-11-10.
  • A syllogism (syllogismos, "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

    In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form:

    All men are mortal.

    Socrates is a man.

    Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

2018b

• (Smith,2018) ⇒ Robin Smith (2018). "Aristotle's Logic", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • QUOTE: Aristotle calls the term which is the predicate of the conclusion the major term and the term which is the subject of the conclusion the minor term. The premise containing the major term is the major premise, and the premise containing the minor term is the minor premise.

     Aristotle then systematically investigates all possible combinations of two premises in each of the three figures. For each combination, he either demonstrates that some conclusion necessarily follows or demonstrates that no conclusion follows. The results he states are correct.

2018c

• (Wikiversity, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Categorical_Syllogism#Minor/Major_Premise_and_Term
  • QUOTE: As we have seen, there will always be 2 terms in a Categorical Proposition (Subject and Predicate). Therefore, the conclusion of a syllogism will have a Subject and a Predicate as well. Here are two rules to take note of:

1. The Subject of a conclusion will be the Minor Term of the syllogism.

2. The Predicate of a conclusion will be the Major Term of the syllogism.

A syllogism is made up of 2 premises and 1 conclusion. So how do we differentiate between one premise from the other? Simple, take a look at that following two rules:

3. The Premise where the Minor Term appear in, will be called the Minor Premise.

4. The Premise where the Major Term appear in, will be called the Major Premise.

But that's not all. A syllogism is actually made up of 3 terms. The third term, or the Middle Term, can be thought of as a term used to link the two premises together in forming the conclusion (...)

This brings us to a fifth and final rule.

5. The Middle Term will appear in both premises but not in the conclusion.

2002

• (Rosdatter, 2002) ⇒ Beth Rosdatter (2002). http://www.uky.edu/~rosdatte/phi120/glossary.htm
  • QUOTE: minor premise: The second premise in a standard form categorical syllogism. It contains the middle term and the minor term.

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