Sialyltransferase
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A Sialyltransferase is an Enzyme that transfers sialic acid to nascent Oligosaccharide.
- Context:
- It is an enzyme with the general formula Cmp-N-Acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-Acetylneuraminyl Transferase.
- It can Catalyze the transfer of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid from Cmp-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an Oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid.
- Sialyltransferases add Sialic Acid with an Alpha-2,3 Linkage to Galactose.
- Other Sialyltransferases add Sialic Acid with an Alpha-2,6 Linkage to Galactose or N-Acetylgalactosamine.
- Example(s):
- Drosophila Sialyltransferase,
- Pasteurella Multocida Subsp. Multocida http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9CNC48
- PMID 4960932: “Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen of food animals, wildlife, and pets and a zoonotic cause of human infection arising from contacts with these animals. Here, an investigation of multiple serotype A strains demonstrated the occurrence of membrane sialyltransferase”
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Glycoprotein, Phenotype, Enzyme, Sialic Acid, Oligosaccharide, Sugar, Glycolipid, Ganglioside, Galactose, N-Acetylgalactosamine, Polysialic Acid, Pasteurella Multocida.
References
2019a
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyltransferase Retrieved:2019-12-12.
- Sialyltransferases are enzymes that transfer sialic acid to nascent oligosaccharide. [1] Each sialyltransferase is specific for a particular sugar substrate. Sialyltransferases add sialic acid to the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins. The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. A classification of glycosyltransferases using nucleotide diphospho-sugar, nucleotide monophospho-sugar and sugar phosphates () and related proteins into distinct sequence based families has been described.[2] This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site.[3] The same three-dimensional fold is expected to occur within each of the families. Because 3-D structures are better conserved than sequences, several of the families defined on the basis of sequence similarities may have similar 3-D structures and therefore form 'clans'. Sialyltransferases belong to glycosyltransferase family 29 (CAZY GT_29) which comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; sialyltransferase beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (); lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. These enzymes use a nucleotide monophosphosugar as the donor (CMP-NeuA) instead of a nucleotide diphosphosugar. Sialyltransferase may be responsible for the synthesis of the sequence NEUAC-Alpha-2,3-GAL-Beta-1,3-GALNAC-, found on sugar chains O-linked to thr or ser and also as a terminal sequence on certain gangliosides. These enzymes catalyse sialyltransfer reactions during glycosylation, and are type II membrane proteins. There are about twenty different sialyltransferases which can be distinguished on the basis of the acceptor structure on which they act and on the type of sugar linkage they form. For example, a group of sialyltransferases adds sialic acid with an alpha-2,3 linkage to galactose, while other sialyltransferases add sialic acid with an alpha-2,6 linkage to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. A peculiar type of sialyltransferases add sialic acid to other sialic acid units with an alpha-2,8 linkage, forming structures referred to as polysialic acid. As occurs for other glycosyltransferases, the expression of sialyltransferases undergoes profound modifications during cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation; in some cases such changes induce phenotypic alterations. [4]
- ↑ Harduin-Lepers A, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Samyn-Petit B, Julien S, Delannoy P. The human sialyltransferase family.Biochimie. 2001 Aug;83(8):727-37
- ↑ Henrissat B, Davies GJ, Campbell JA, Bulone V (1997). "A classification of nucleotide-diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases based on amino acid sequence similarities". Biochem. J. 326 (3): 929–939. doi:10.1042/bj3260929u. PMC 1218753. PMID 9334165.
- ↑ Henrissat B, Coutinho PM (1999). "Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes server".
- ↑ Dall'Olio and Chiricolo, Glycoconjugate J. 18 841-850, 2001
2019b
- (InterPro, 2019) ⇒ https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR012163/ Retrieved:2019-12-12.
- QUOTE: The sialyltransferase family represents a group of enzymes that transfers sialic acid from its common nucleotide sugar donor, CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminate, to the terminal carbohydrates group of various glycoproteins and glycolipids. Animal sialyltransferases have type II transmembrane topology, and are thought to localise to the Golgi body. Gene homologues of animal sialyltransferases have been detected in plants [1], [2].
This entry includes a subset of sialyltransferases that belong to the glycosyltransferase family 29 [3]. Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 is not included in this entry.
- QUOTE: The sialyltransferase family represents a group of enzymes that transfers sialic acid from its common nucleotide sugar donor, CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminate, to the terminal carbohydrates group of various glycoproteins and glycolipids. Animal sialyltransferases have type II transmembrane topology, and are thought to localise to the Golgi body. Gene homologues of animal sialyltransferases have been detected in plants [1], [2].
- ↑ Analysis of CMP-sialic acid transporter-like proteins in plants. Takashima S, Seino J, Nakano T, Fujiyama K, Tsujimoto M, Ishida N, Hashimoto Y. Phytochemistry 70, 1973-81, (2009). PMID: 19822337
- ↑ The cell wall pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan-II is required for proper pollen tube elongation: implications of a putative sialyltransferase-like protein. Dumont M, Lehner A, Bouton S, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Voxeur A, Pelloux J, Lerouge P, Mollet JC. Ann. Bot. (2014). PMID: 24825296
- ↑ Characterization of mouse sialyltransferase genes: their evolution and diversity. Takashima S. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72, 1155-67, (2008). PMID: 18460788
2010
- (Repnikova et al., 2010) ⇒ Elena Repnikova, Kate Koles, Michiko Nakamura, Jared Pitts, Haiwen Li, Apoorva Ambavane, Mark J. Zoran, and Vladislav M. Panin (2010). "Sialyltransferase regulates nervous system function in Drosophila". Journal of Neuroscience, 30(18), 6466-6476. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5253-09.2010
- QUOTE: In vertebrates, sialylated glycans participate in a wide range of biological processes and affect the development and function of the nervous system. While the complexity of glycosylation and the functional redundancy among sialyltransferases provide obstacles for revealing biological roles of sialylation in mammals, Drosophila possesses a sole vertebrate-type sialyltransferase, Drosophila sialyltransferase (DSiaT), with significant homology to its mammalian counterparts, suggesting that Drosophila could be a suitable model to investigate the function of sialylation ...
2009
- Gene Ontology http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term-details.cgi?term=GO:0008373&session_id=4594amigo1245235139
- Accession: GO:0008373
- Ontology: molecular function
- Synonyms: None
- Definition
- Catalysis of the formation of sialylglycoconjugates via transfer of the sialic acid group from CMP to one of several glycoconjugate acceptors. [source: GOC:jl, ISBN:0721662544]