Logical Inference Task

A Logical Inference Task is an exact deductive inference task/reasoning task that requires the production of logic-based argument (a conclusion and premises).

• AKA: Logic-based Reasoning.
• Context:
  • Input: an Input Set.
    • Optional Input: a formal logic model.
  • The Conclusion is generally meant to be previously Unobserved and Unknown.
  • It can be solved by an Inferencing System that applies an Inferencing Algorithm.
  • It can range from being a Deduction Task to being an Induction Task to being an Abduction Task.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Statistical Inference Task.
• See: Satisfiability Task, Non-Monotonic Reasoning.

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References

2010

• (WordNet, 2009) ⇒ http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=inference
  • S: (n) inference, illation (the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
  • Inference is the process of drawing a conclusion by applying rules (of logic, statistics etc.) to observations or hypotheses; or by interpolating the next logical step in an intuited pattern. The conclusion drawn is also called an inference.
    • Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the field of cognitive psychology.
    • Logic studies the laws of valid inference.
    • Statisticians have developed formal rules for inference (statistical inference) from quantitative data.
    • Artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems.
• http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inference
  • uncountable The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.
  • countable That which is inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction.

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