Word Embedding System

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A Word Embedding System is a text item embedding system that maps words into a vector representation.



References

2021a

2021b

2020

2017a

2017b

  1. The word2vec package contains embeddings for both capitalized and lowercase words. We convert all words to lowercase, and if a word has both lowercase and uppercase embeddings we use the lowercase version.

2017c

2016

Using such an encoding, there’s no meaningful comparison we can make between word vectors other than equality testing.

In word2vec, a distributed representation of a word is used. Take a vector with several hundred dimensions (say 1000). Each word is representated by a distribution of weights across those elements. So instead of a one-to-one mapping between an element in the vector and a word, the representation of a word is spread across all of the elements in the vector, and each element in the vector contributes to the definition of many words.

If I label the dimensions in a hypothetical word vector (there are no such pre-assigned labels in the algorithm of course), it might look a bit like this:

 :: Such a vector comes to represent in some abstract way the ‘meaning’ of a word. And as we’ll see next, simply by examining a large corpus it’s possible to learn word vectors that are able to capture the relationships between words in a surprisingly expressive way. We can also use the vectors as inputs to a neural network.

2014a

2014b

2013a

2013b

2008