Jakarta (1942-present)

A Jakarta (1942-present) is a Southeast Asian city on the island of Java located at 6.2088° S and 106.8456° E.

• AKA: Djakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, DKI Jakarta.
• Context:
  • It can (typically) have a Jakarta (1942-present) Population (with ethnicities including Javanese, Betawi, Sundanese, Chinese Indonesians, Minangkabau, and various Indonesian ethnic groups).
  • It can (typically) be influenced by Jakarta Bay and the Java Sea.
  • It can (often) maintain Dutch Colonial Architecture in Kota Tua, Menteng, and other historic districts.
  • It can (often) showcase Indonesian Islamic Culture through mosques, Islamic schools, and religious festivals.
  • ...
  • It can serve as the capital of Indonesia since independence in 1945.
  • It can feature Modern Urban Development including skyscrapers, shopping malls, and mass rapid transit systems (after 1980).
  • It can include Jakarta (1942-present) Historic Districts such as Kota Tua, Menteng, Glodok, and Kemang.
  • It can function as a Southeast Asian Transportation Hub with Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, and rail networks (after 1960).
  • It can experience Severe Urban Environmental Challenges including annual flooding, traffic congestion, air pollution, and land subsidence.
  • It can serve as Indonesia's center for government, finance, commerce, and media.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Jakarta (1942), when renamed from Batavia during Japanese occupation.
  • Jakarta (1945), during Indonesian independence proclamation and revolutionary period.
  • Jakarta (1949), becoming official capital after sovereignty transfer.
  • Jakarta (1962), hosting the Asian Games and major infrastructure development.
  • Jakarta (1966), during transition to New Order regime.
  • Jakarta (1998), experiencing May 1998 riots and Reformasi movement.
  • Jakarta (2004), first direct gubernatorial election.
  • Jakarta (2007), during major flooding affecting 60% of the city.
  • Jakarta (2019), opening of Jakarta MRT system.
  • Jakarta (2024), during transition as Indonesia prepares new capital city in Nusantara.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Batavia, the colonial predecessor with Dutch administration.
  • Surabaya, East Java's port city without capital status.
  • Yogyakarta (1755-present).
  • Bandung, West Java's highland city with cooler climate.
  • Manila, Philippines' capital with different colonial history.
  • Bangkok, Thailand's capital with monarchy influence.
• See: Indonesian City, Java Island, Betawi Culture, Jakarta Governor, National Monument (Jakarta), Istiqlal Mosque, Indonesian Government, ASEAN Secretariat.

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