Numeric Value

A Numeric Value is a data value that represents a number and can be used in mathematical operations and quantitative analysis.

• AKA: Number Value, Numerical Value, Numeric Quantity, Quantitative Value, Numeric Data.
• Context:
  • It can typically represent measurements, counts, amounts, or magnitudes in data systems.
  • It can typically participate in arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
  • It can typically be stored in numeric data types with specific precision and range constraints.
  • It can typically be compared using relational operators for ordering and equality testing.
  • It can typically serve as input to mathematical functions and statistical computations.
  • It can often be represented in different number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal, and scientific notation.
  • It can often have associated unit of measurements that define its semantic meaning.
  • It can often be subject to rounding errors, precision limitations, and overflow conditions.
  • It can often be transformed through normalization, scaling, logarithmic transformation, or standardization.
  • It can often be aggregated using summary statistics like mean, median, sum, or standard deviation.
  • It can range from being an Integer Numeric Value to being a Real Numeric Value, depending on its number type.
  • It can range from being a Discrete Numeric Value to being a Continuous Numeric Value, depending on its value space.
  • It can range from being a Exact Numeric Value to being an Approximate Numeric Value, depending on its precision level.
  • It can range from being a Scalar Numeric Value to being a Vector Numeric Value, depending on its dimensionality.
  • It can range from being a Bounded Numeric Value to being an Unbounded Numeric Value, depending on its value range.
  • It can be validated through range checks, type checks, and constraint verification.
  • It can be visualized through histograms, scatter plots, box plots, and numerical displays.
  • It can be indexed, sorted, and searched efficiently in database systems and data structures.
  • It can be encoded in various data formats including floating-point representation, fixed-point representation, and arbitrary precision.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Integer Numeric Values, such as:
    • Count Value: 42 representing number of items.
    • Index Value: 0 indicating array position.
    • ID Value: 12345 as unique identifier.
    • Year Value: 2024 representing temporal point.
  • Real Number Values, such as:
    • Decimal Value: 3.14159 representing pi.
    • Percentage Value: 0.75 representing 75%.
    • Scientific Notation Value: 6.022×10²³ for Avogadro's number.
    • Floating Point Value: -273.15 for absolute zero in Celsius.
  • Statistical Numeric Values, such as:
    • Sample Statistic Value: mean = 67.5 from data sample.
    • Population Parameter: μ = 100 for population mean.
    • Calculated Probability Value: p = 0.03 from hypothesis test.
    • Correlation Coefficient: r = 0.85 measuring association.
  • Measurement Values, such as:
    • Temperature Value: 98.6°F for body temperature.
    • Distance Value: 384,400 km to the moon.
    • Time Value: 9.58 seconds for 100m sprint record.
    • Weight Value: 75.5 kg for person's mass.
  • Financial Numeric Values, such as:
    • Currency Value: $1,234.56 in bank account.
    • Interest Rate: 3.5% annual percentage rate.
    • Stock Price: 150.25 per share.
    • Tax Rate: 0.22 marginal rate.
  • Computational Numeric Values, such as:
    • Memory Address: 0x7FFF5694 in hexadecimal.
    • Hash Value: 2147483647 as integer hash.
    • Timestamp: 1609459200 Unix epoch time.
    • Error Code: -1 indicating failure.
  • Matrix Element Values, such as:
    • Matrix Entry: a[2,3] = 5.7 in matrix.
    • Vector Component: v[1] = -3.2 in vector.
    • Tensor Element: T[i,j,k] = 0.001 in 3D tensor.
  • Special Numeric Values, such as:
    • Mathematical Constant: e = 2.71828...
    • Infinity Value: ∞ representing unbounded.
    • NaN Value: Not-a-Number for undefined.
    • Null Value: missing numeric data.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Categorical Value, which represents discrete categories rather than quantities.
  • Text Value, which contains string data rather than numbers.
  • Boolean Value, which represents true/false rather than numeric quantity.
  • Date Value, which represents temporal points (though internally numeric).
  • Binary Data, which represents raw bytes rather than interpreted numbers.
  • Symbolic Value, which represents symbols or tokens rather than quantities.
  • Image Data, which represents visual information rather than numbers.
  • Audio Data, which represents sound rather than numeric values.
• See: Data Value, Number, Numeric Data Type, Vector Data Structure, Matrix Data Structure, Numeric Prediction Task, Mathematical Constant, Sample Statistic Value, Population Parameter, Calculated Probability Value, Numeric Quantity, Ratio Quantity, Numeral, Numeric Computation, Quantitative Analysis, Data Type, Type System.

References

2020

• (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_data
  • In statistics, numerical data is quantitative data that can be expressed using numbers, allowing for arithmetic operations and statistical analysis.

2000

• (Witten & Frank, 2000) ⇒ Ian H. Witten and Eibe Frank. (2000). "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools with Java Implementations." Morgan Kaufmann.
  • QUOTE: Numeric attributes have values that are numbers, and are sometimes called continuous attributes. They are measured on a numeric scale and allow mathematical operations such as subtraction and averaging.

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