Data Record

A Data Record is a Data Item that represents a Tuple of Data Attribute Values according to some Data Record Data Structure.

• AKA: Structured Data Record, Data Instance, Data Tuple, Structured Data Value Set, Structured Data Item.
• Context:
  • It must have one or more Data Record Attributes (that can have one or more Data Attribute Values).
  • It can have a Data Record Schema (be mapped to a Data Structure?).
  • It can have a Record Identifier (and be a Data Resource if it is uniquely identifiable).
  • It can be:
    • a Structured Data Record with a Data Structure. (E.g. a hierarchical data structure such as a BOM.)
    • a Semi-Structured Data Record.
    • an Unstructured Data Record.
  • It can have a Data Record Relationship with another Data Record.
  • It can be an input to a Record Similarity Function, to compared against another Data Record.
  • It can belong to a Data Record Set.
  • It can be a Learning Record.
    • a Training Record.
    • a Testing Record.
  • It can be a Deidentified Data Record (to protect Privacy or avoid Experimental Bias).
  • It can be associated to one or more Data Provenance Records.
  • It can be:
    • an Entity Record that Represents some Entity, such as a Person Record, Protein Record, Business Object, etc.
    • a Entity Set Record a collection’s name and the time that it was created.
    • an Event Record that represnets some Event, such as Business Event, etc.
    • a Task Record that represents some Task, such as a Business Activity, etc.
    • a Concept Record (Represent a Concept),
    • a Concept Class Record (Represent a Concept Class), etc.
    • a Ground Fact Record that can be associated with either True or False.
• Example(s):
  • [Type="Person", Name.First="Michael", Name.Last="Jackson", BirthDate="August 29, 1958", Birth.City="Gary", Birth.State="Indiana", Birth.Country="USA"], an Explicit Person Record)
  • [Type="Citation", Title="Advanced Calculus"], a Citation Record.
  • <SYNSET><ID>ENG20-00001740-n</ID><POS>n</POS><SYNONYM><LITERAL>entity<SENSE>1</SENSE></LITERAL></SYNONYM><DEF>that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)</DEF><BCS>2</BCS><DOMAIN>factotum</DOMAIN><SUMO>Physical<TYPE>=</TYPE></SUMO></SYNSET>, from a Wordnet Database.
  • ((x,1.0), (y),9.3, (z),3.4), a Data Record Vector.
  • (1.0, 9.3, 3.4), a Vector.
  • ((ID,1), (x,1.0), (y),9.3, (z),3.4).
  • An HTML Page, such as a (Wikipedia, 2009) page (a Semi-Structured Data Record)
  • A Relational Database Row.
  • ? A Document in a Corpus.
  • a Product Record.
  • a Data Tuple.
• Counter-Example(s):
  • (a, , s, t, r, i, n, g), a String.
  • a Sequence.
  • a Multiset.
  • {g, a, , t, s, i, r, n}, a Set.
  • {1, 9.3, Red}, a Set.
  • a Structured Data Object.
• See: Database Table, Memory Record, Data Rule, Object Class, Relationship.

Reference(s):

• TBD
  • A concept about which data are to be stored in a database.
  • Representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by humans or automatic means.
  • An instance of an entity type is data about one specific thing. E.g. a specific customer
  • Object: A fundamental element of a conceptual representation that reflects the "real world" at levels of abstraction and resolution appropriate for interoperability.
  • For any given value of time, the state of an object is defined as the enumeration of all its attribute values.
  • Anything that exists in storage and on which operations can be performed. Examples include files, programs, and arrays.
  • A Data Object is any persistent entity within a relational database that is exposed to the applications as an object. An example is a row within the "users" table.
  • Data Object: Basic definition of the Data Element. Set of ideas, abstractions, or things that can be identified with explicit business meaning
  • In a non-relational database system, a record is an entry in a file, consisting of individual elements of information, which together provide full details about an aspect of the information needed by the system. Individual elements are held in fields and all records are held in files.
  • In a relational system, record is an alternate word for row.
  • An instance of data in a table, a record is a collection of all the facts related to one physical or conceptual entity; often referring to a single object or person, usually represented as a row of data in a table, and sometimes referred to as a tuple in some, particularly older, database management systems.

2008

• (Wick & al, 2008) => Michael Wick, Khashayar Rohanimanesh, Karl Schultz, and Andrew McCallum. (2008). "A Unified Approach for Schema Matching, Coreference, and Canonicalization." In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2008).
  • ... consider the two different data records of a person named John Smith in Table 1. Each data record is represented using a different schema. ... In our unified data integration approach we aim for a representation that enables us to perform inference and learning over two different types of objects: (1) data records (in relation to the coreference resolution and canonicalization tasks); (2) schema attributes (in relation to the schema matching task).

2005

• (Getoor & Diehl, 2005) => Lise Getoor, and Christopher P. Diehl. (2005). "Link Mining: A survey." In: SIGKDD Explorations, 7(2).
  • "Links," or more generically relationships, among data instances are ubiquitous.

2000

• (Liu & al, 2000) => Bing Liu, Yiming Ma, and Ching Kian Wong. (2000). "Improving an Association Rule Based Classifier." In: Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (PKDD 2000). [doi>10.1007/3-540-45372-5]
  • Let I = {i₁, i₂, …, i_m} be a set of items. Let D be a set of transactions (the dataset), where each transaction d (a data record) is a set of items such that d in I.

1996

• (Wall & al, 1996) => Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Randal L. Schwartz. (1996). "Programming Perl, 2nd edition." O'Reilly. ISBN 1565921496 (alternate, search)
  • record: A set of related data values in a file or stream, often associated with a unique key field. In UNIX, often commensurate with a line, or a blank-line-delimited set of lines (a "paragraph"). Each line of the /etc/passwd file is a record, keyed on login name, containing information about that user.
  • tuple: In the lingo of relational databases, a record or line containing fields. See relation.