Decision Making Task
A Decision Making Task is a cognitive task that is a choice-making task that requires the alternatives identification and alternative selection by a decision maker based on their agent preferences to achieve decision goals.
- AKA: Decision Task, Decisioning Task, Decision-Making Task, Choice Task.
- Context:
- Task Input: Decision Information (such as decision data items to classify), Decision Alternatives, Decision Criteria.
- Task Output: Decision, Decision Selection.
- Task Performance Measure: Decision Making Performance Metrics such as decision accuracy, decision speed, and decision consistency.
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- It can (typically) evaluate Decision Alternatives through decision making evaluation processes.
- It can (typically) apply Decision Criteria via decision making assessment frameworks.
- It can (typically) integrate Decision Factors using decision making analysis methods.
- It can (typically) generate Decision Outcomes through decision making selection mechanisms.
- It can (typically) document Decision Rationales via decision making justification systems.
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- It can (often) incorporate Decision Uncertainty through decision making risk assessments.
- It can (often) balance Decision Trade-offs using decision making optimization techniques.
- It can (often) leverage Decision Support Tools via decision making technology platforms.
- It can (often) adapt Decision Strategyes based on decision making feedback loops.
- It can (often) mitigate Cognitive Biases through decision making debiasing methods.
- It can (often) incorporate Ethical Considerations via decision making ethics frameworks.
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- It can be instantiated in a Decision Making Act.
- It can range from being a Single Decision Making Task to being a Multiple Decision Making Task (such as a sequential decision-making task), depending on its decision making cardinality.
- It can range from being a Simple Decision Making Task to being a Complex Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making complexity.
- It can range from being an Offline Decision Making Task to being a Real-Time Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making temporal constraint.
- It can range from being a Mechanistic Decision Making Task to being an Agent-Based Decision Making Task (such as a game), depending on its decision making agency level.
- It can range from being a Real-World Decision Making Task to being a Synthetic Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making environment type.
- It can range from being a Manual Decision Making Task to being an Automated Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making automation level.
- It can range from being a Data-Driven Decision Making Task to being a Heuristic Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making information basis.
- It can range from being a Personal Decision Making Task to being a Group Decision Making Task (such as organizational decisioning), depending on its decision making participant scope.
- It can range from being a Full-Information Decision Making Task to being a Partial-Information Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making information completeness.
- It can range from being an Explanation-Based Decision Making Task (with an explanation) to being an Unexplained Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making transparency level.
- It can range from being a Rational Decision Making Task to being a Bounded Rationality Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making rationality level.
- It can range from being a Deterministic Decision Making Task to being a Stochastic Decision Making Task, depending on its decision making uncertainty level.
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- It can be supported by a Decision Support Task.
- It can be performed by a Decision Making System (that implements a decision making algorithm).
- It can make use of a Decision Operation.
- It can require decision analysis, decision evaluation, decision selection, and decision implementation phases.
- It can involve various decision making theories such as rational choice theory, behavioral decision theory, and game theory.
- It can be influenced by cognitive biases such as confirmation bias, anchoring bias, and availability heuristic.
- It can utilize decision making tools such as decision trees, decision matrixes, and cost-benefit analysis.
- It can be critical for organizational effectiveness, strategic planning, and operational efficiency.
- It can incorporate neuroscience insights through decision making brain mapping studies.
- It can apply prospect theory for decision making under risk scenarios.
- It can leverage AI technology for decision making augmentation in complex environments.
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- Example(s):
- Decision Making Task Research Milestones, such as:
- Decision Making Task (Pre-17th Century), with ancient strategic approaches in works like Sun Tzu's Art of War and Machiavelli's The Prince.
- Decision Making Task (17th Century), with development of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, and Quaker consensus processes.
- Decision Making Task (18th Century), featuring Benjamin Franklin's moral algebra for pros/cons analysis.
- Decision Making Task (1940s-1950s), during WWII operations research and Herbert Simon's bounded rationality theory.
- Decision Making Task (1970s), with Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's prospect theory and cognitive biases research.
- Decision Making Task (1980s-1990s), integration of behavioral economics and neuroscience in decision studies.
- Decision Making Task (2000s-2010s), rise of big data analytics and algorithmic decision making.
- Decision Making Task (2020s), AI-assisted and machine learning-enhanced decision processes in real-time applications.
- Output-Based Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Simple Output Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Complex Output Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Domain-Specific Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Clinical Decision Support Tasks, such as:
- Business Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Legal Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Data-Driven Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Strategic Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Risk-Based Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Computational Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Economic Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Organizational Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Multi-Agent Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Conscious Agent Decision Making Tasks, such as:
- Benchmark Decision Making Tasks, such as:
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- Decision Making Task Research Milestones, such as:
- Counter-Example(s):
- Information-Processing Task, such as analysis task, which processes information without making selection decisions.
- Online Transaction Processing Task, which executes predefined transactions without evaluating decision alternatives.
- Facilitation Task, which enables group processes without making decision selections.
- Creative Task, which generates novel solutions without selecting from existing alternatives.
- Monitoring Task, which observes system states without making decision choices.
- Data Collection Task, which gathers information without performing decision analysis.
- See: Prediction Task, Problem-Solving Task, Question-Answering System, Human Decision Making Process, Cognition, Choice, Decision Support System, Decision Theory, Management Task, Reasoning Task, Judgement Task, Bounded Rationality, Prospect Theory, Operations Research, Behavioral Economics.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision-making Retrieved:2021-12-29.
- In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. Decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
1994
- (Bechara et al., 2004) ⇒ Antoine Bechara, Antonio R. Damasio, Hanna Damasio, and Steven W. Anderson. (1994). “Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex.” In: Cognition, 50(1). doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
- QUOTE: Following damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, humans develop a defect in real-life decision-making, which contrasts with otherwise normal intellectual functions. Currently, there is no neuropsychological probe to detect in the laboratory, and the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for this defect have resisted explanation. Here, using a novel task which simulates real-life decision-making in the way it factors uncertainty of premises and outcomes, as well as reward and punishment, we find that prefrontal patients, unlike controls, are oblivious to the future consequences of their actions, and seem to be guided by immediate prospects only.
1981
- (Hwang & Yoon, 1981) ⇒ Ching-Lai Hwang, and Kwangsun Yoon. (1981). “Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods and Applications: A State-of-the-Art Survey.” In: Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 186 doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9