Concept Mapping Algorithm
A Concept Mapping Algorithm is a Knowledge Mapping Algorithm that can be applied by a Concept Mapping System (to solve a Concept Mapping Task.
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Graphical Representation, Spider Diagram, Modelling Graph, Lexical Distribution-based Concept Mapping, Semantic Network, Conceptual Framework, Group Concept Mapping, Nomological Network, Object-Role Modeling.
References
2019a
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_map Retrieved:2019-6-9.
- A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. [1] It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as causes, requires, or contributes to.[2]
The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called concept mapping. Concept maps have been used to define the ontology of computer systems, for example with the object-role modeling or Unified Modeling Language formalism.
- A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. [1] It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as causes, requires, or contributes to.[2]
2019b
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map#Differences_from_other_visualizations Retrieved:2019-6-9.
- Concept maps: Mind maps differ from concept maps in that mind maps focus on only one word or idea, whereas concept maps connect multiple words or ideas. Also, concept maps typically have text labels on their connecting lines/arms. Mind maps are based on radial hierarchies and tree structures denoting relationships with a central governing concept, whereas concept maps are based on connections between concepts in more diverse patterns. However, either can be part of a larger personal knowledge base system.
- Modelling graphs: There is no rigorous right or wrong with mind maps, relying on the arbitrariness of mnemonic systems. A UML diagram or a semantic network has structured elements modelling relationships, with lines connecting objects to indicate relationship. This is generally done in black and white with a clear and agreed iconography. Mind maps serve a different purpose: they help with memory and organization. Mind maps are collections of words structured by the mental context of the author with visual mnemonics, and, through the use of colour, icons and visual links, are informal and necessary to the proper functioning of the mind map.
2019c
- (BYU, 2019) ⇒ https://ctl.byu.edu/tip/concept-mapping Retrieved:2019-6-9.
- QUOTE: A concept map is a visual organization and representation of knowledge. It shows concepts and ideas and the relationships among them. You create a concept map by writing key words (sometimes enclosed in shapes such as circles, boxes, triangles, etc.) and then drawing arrows between the ideas that are related. Then you add a short explanation by the arrow to explain how the concepts are related.
- QUOTE: A concept map is a visual organization and representation of knowledge. It shows concepts and ideas and the relationships among them. You create a concept map by writing key words (sometimes enclosed in shapes such as circles, boxes, triangles, etc.) and then drawing arrows between the ideas that are related. Then you add a short explanation by the arrow to explain how the concepts are related.
2018
- (Educatorstechnology, 2018) ⇒ Educatorstechnology (January 26, 2018). https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2018/01/9-great-concept-mapping-tools-for.html
- QUOTE: Concept mapping is a learning strategy that involves visualizing relations between concepts and ideas using graphical representations. It is a form of graphic organizer that consists of various circles or boxes (called nodes) each of which contain a concept and are all interlinked through linking phrases. The role of these linking phrases is to ‘identify the relationship between adjacent concepts’ (McClellan and Broggy, 2009).
As a learning tool, Concept maps were first introduced by Novak and his colleagues in Cornell University in the 70s of last century. Concept maps are based on Asubel’s theory of meaningful learning which states that “learning is meaningful when the student comprehends the relationship of what is being learned to other knowledge”(KILIÇ and ÇAKMAK, 2013, p. 154). In other words, meaningful learning “results when a person consciously and explicitly ties new knowledge to relevant concepts they already possess” (Stoica, Moraru, and Miron, 2010, p. 568). Some key pillars of meaningful learning include prior knowledge, interaction, and collaboration all of which are supported by concept mapping. However, a detailed discussion of the literature and theoretical base of concept maps is beyond the scope of this short post. To learn more about concept maps, their underlying theory and their uses in education, we recommend the reference list at the bottom of this post.
- QUOTE: Concept mapping is a learning strategy that involves visualizing relations between concepts and ideas using graphical representations. It is a form of graphic organizer that consists of various circles or boxes (called nodes) each of which contain a concept and are all interlinked through linking phrases. The role of these linking phrases is to ‘identify the relationship between adjacent concepts’ (McClellan and Broggy, 2009).
2017
- (SemanticVectors, 2017) ⇒ https://github.com/semanticvectors/semanticvectors/wiki
- QUOTE: (...) The models are created by applying concept mapping algorithms to term-document matrices created using Apache Lucene. The concept mapping algorithms supported by the package include Random Projection, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Reflective Random Indexing.
Random Projection is the most scalable technique in practice, because it does not rely on the use of computationally intensive matrix decomposition algorithms. The application of Random Projection for Natural Language Processing (NLP) is descended from Pentti Kanerva's work on Sparse Distributed Memory, which in semantic analysis and text mining, this method has also been called Random Indexing. Singular Value Decomposition is also popular because it is better known, and has in some cases given better results on smaller datasets.
- QUOTE: (...) The models are created by applying concept mapping algorithms to term-document matrices created using Apache Lucene. The concept mapping algorithms supported by the package include Random Projection, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Reflective Random Indexing.
2008
- (Novak & Canas, 2008) ⇒ Joseph D. Novak, and Alberto J. Cañas (2008). Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2006-01 Rev 2008-01: http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/theory-of-concept-maps
- QUOTE: Concept maps are graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts indicated by a connecting line linking two concepts. Words on the line, referred to as linking words or linking phrases, specify the relationship between the two concepts. We define concept as a perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label. The label for most concepts is a word, although sometimes we use symbols such as + or %, and sometimes more than one word is used. Propositions are statements about some object or event in the universe, either naturally occurring or constructed. Propositions contain two or more concepts connected using linking words or phrases to form a meaningful statement. Sometimes these are called semantic units, or units of meaning. Figure 1 shows an example of a concept map that describes the structure of concept maps and illustrates the above characteristics.
Figure 1. A concept map showing the key features of concept maps. Concept maps tend to be read progressing from the top downward.
1989
- (Trochim, 1989) ⇒ William M.K. Trochim. (1989). “An Introduction to Concept Mapping for Planning and Evaluation.” In: Evaluation and program planning Journal, 12.
- QUOTE: Concept mapping is a type of structured conceptualization which can be used by groups to develop a conceptual framework which can guide evaluation or planning. In the typical case, six steps are involved: 1) Preparation (including selection of participants and development of focus for the conceptualization); 2) the Generation of statements; 3) the Structuring of statements; 4) the Representation of Statements in the form of a concept map (using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis); 5) the Interpretation of maps; and, 6) the Utilization of Maps. Concept mapping encourages the group to stay on task; results relatively quickly in an interpretable conceptual framework; expresses this framework entirely in the language of the participants; yields a graphic or pictorial product which simultaneously shows all major ideas and their interrelationships; often improves group or organizational cohesiveness and morale. (...)
The process described here is not the only way to accomplish concept mapping. For instance, Novak and Gowin (1984) suggest that concept maps be drawn "free-hand" after an initial articulation of the major ideas and classification of them into hierarchical concepts. In a similar manner, Rico (1983) has advocated "free-hand" concept mapping or drawing as a useful method for developing a conceptual framework for writing. These and other approaches have value for planning and evaluation, but fall outside of the scope of this paper. The major differences between the method described here and other concept mapping processes are: this method is particularly appropriate for group use -- the method generates a group aggregate map; it utilizes multivariate data analyses to construct the maps; and it generates interval-level maps which have some advantages for planning and evaluation, especially through pattern matching as described later.
- QUOTE: Concept mapping is a type of structured conceptualization which can be used by groups to develop a conceptual framework which can guide evaluation or planning. In the typical case, six steps are involved: 1) Preparation (including selection of participants and development of focus for the conceptualization); 2) the Generation of statements; 3) the Structuring of statements; 4) the Representation of Statements in the form of a concept map (using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis); 5) the Interpretation of maps; and, 6) the Utilization of Maps. Concept mapping encourages the group to stay on task; results relatively quickly in an interpretable conceptual framework; expresses this framework entirely in the language of the participants; yields a graphic or pictorial product which simultaneously shows all major ideas and their interrelationships; often improves group or organizational cohesiveness and morale. (...)
- ↑ Peter J. Hager, Nancy C. Corbin. Designing & Delivering: Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Presentations, 1997, . 163.
- ↑ Joseph D. Novak & Alberto J. Cañas (2006). "The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How To Construct and Use Them", Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. Accessed 24 Nov 2008.